A heuristic procedure for one dimensional bin packing

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Constraint-based reasoning is a paradigm for formulating knowledge as a set of constraints without specifying the method by which these constraints are to be satisfied. A variety of techniques have been developed for finding partial or complete solutions for different kinds of constraint

In this paper we develop new Newton and conjugate gradient algorithms on the Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds. These manifolds represent the constraints that arise in such areas as the symmetric eigenvalue problem, nonlinear eigenvalue problems, electronic structures computations, and signal

agents that communi-cate by placing, checking and instantiating constraints on shared variables. Such a view of computation is in-teresting in the context of programming languages be-cause of the ability to represent and manipulate partial information about the domain of discourse, in the con

Recently, separability inequalities are derived with multiqubit states [S. M. Roy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 010402 (2005)]. We introduce new kind of entanglement, which is rotationally invariant. We de-rive quadratic separability inequalities with multipartite states. The quadratic separability inequality can be used as a witness of rotationally invariant two-partite entanglement. We discuss that the quadratic sep-arability inequality implies standard Bell inequalities. It is also proved that when the two measured observables are assumed to precisely an-ticommute, a stronger quadratic inequality can be used as a witness of rotationally variant two-partite entanglement. We discuss that the stronger quadratic inequality implies an inequality stronger than stan-dard Bell inequalities. Our argumentations imply that standard Bell inequalities are derived under the assumption that every quantum state is rotationally invariant. We discuss the implication of anticommute along with rotational invariance. PACS: 03.67.Mn, 03.65.Ca

Context. Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) was recently detected toward ρ Oph A. Subsequent astrochemical modeling that included reactions in the gas phase and on the surface of dust grains was able to explain the observed abundance, and highlighted the importance of grain chemistry in the formation of HOOH as an intermediate product in water formation. This study also predicted that the hydroperoxyl radical HO2, the precursor of HOOH, should be detectable. Aims. We aim at detecting the hydroperoxyl radical HO2 in ρ Oph A. Methods. We used the IRAM 30 m and the APEX telescopes to target the brightest HO2 lines at about 130 and 260 GHz. Results. We detect five lines of HO2 (comprising seven individual molecular transitions). The fractional abundance of HO2 is found to be about 10−10, a value similar to the abundance of HOOH. This observational result is consistent with the prediction of the above mentioned astrochemical model, and thereby validates our current understanding of the water formation on dust grains. Conclusions. This detection, anticipated by a sophisticated gas-grain chemical model, demonstrates that models of grain chemistry have improved tremendously and that grain surface reactions now form a crucial part of the overall astrochemical network.

No. This paper investigates the relationship between financing constraints and investment-cash flow sensitivities by analyzing the firms identified by Fazzari, Hubbard, and Petersen as having unusually high investment-cash flow sensitivities. We Quarterlynd that firms that appear less

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I develop a general equilibrium model with sticky prices, credit constraints, nominal loans and asset prices. Changes in asset prices modify agents ’ borrowing capacity through collateral value; changes in nominal prices affect real repayments through debt deflation. Monetary policy shocks move