Parallel programming is an extension of sequential programming; today, it is becoming the mainstream paradigm in day-to-day information processing. Its aim is to build the fastest programs on parallel computers. The methodologies for developing a parallel program can be put into integrated frameworks. Development focuses on algorithm, languages, and how the program is deployed on the parallel computer. 1.

The impact of cache is well understood in the systemdesign domain. While the concept of cache is extensively utilized in the von Neumann architecture, the same is not true for the distributed-computing architecture. For example, consider a three-tiered Web-based business application running on a commercial RDBMS. Every time a new Web page loads, many database calls are made to fill the drop down lists on the page. Performance of the application is greatly affected by the unnecessary database calls and the network traffic between the Web server and the database server. 2. Distributed Systems A distributed system is a heterogeneous system. Diverse system components are connected to each other via a common network. Applications using TCP/IP-based Internet are examples of open distributed systems. Figure 1 shows a typical distributed architecture: 1.

Thinking of distributed embedded systems (DES)—let alone the more general area of embedded computing—as a unified topic is difficult. Nevertheless, it is a vastly important topic and potentially represents a revolution in information technology (IT). DES is driven by the increasing capabilities and ever-declining costs of computing and communications devices, resulting in networked systems of embedded computers whose functional components are nearly invisible to end users. Systems have the potential to alter radically the way in which people interact with their environment by linking a range of devices and sensors that will allow information to be collected, shared, and processed in unprecedented ways.

In this article, we will describe how the enterprise serviceoriented-architecture (SOA) scope is stretched with the advent of cloud computing. With the help of the case study of a fictitious global retailer, we will demonstrate the process for identifying cloud scenarios. Also, we will come across an emerging breed of distributed applications—both on-premise and in the Cloud—and discuss the integration considerations for building them. 1.

Growth economic models play a crucial role in understanding countries development, inter-country macroeconomic relationship and, ultimately, to anticipate the effects on endogenous variables due to political shocks on model parameters or exogenous variables. Yet, build a mathematical model can be a difficult and time consuming task. Symbolic computations can be of great help in the development process. Then, the ability to simulate, under initial assumptions, is, assuredly, a priceless tool for policy makers to take decisions and to adapt them along the time. Robust and efficient solvers are required to allow for reliable and fast answers. This paper deals with an integrated computational approach to economic growth models, based on the exceptional ability of MATLAB's numerical computing and exploring its symbolic computing capabilities. Illustration is made with the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model, one of the macroeconomic workhorse models.

Reducing the energy consumption of nodes in sensor networks and prolonging the network life time has been proposed as one of the most important challenges facing researchers in the field of sensor networks. Therefore, designing an energy-aware protocol to gather data from network level and transmitting it to sink is placed on the agenda at this paper. After presenting an analysis of the processes of clustering in sensory networks and investigating the effect of sending interval on the amount of energy consumption, We have shown that if the use of convex static casters be done such as all the communications within the cluster with the sending distance less than the optimal threshold, it Will help to increase the lifetime of nodes. also have shown that if we create a virtual backbone between cluster heads to transfer far cluster heads data from sink to sink, will has a significant impact on increasing the network lifetime. For this reason, a detailed discussion on how to determine the size of clusters and partitioning of the network environment to them is presented in Chapter 4.Simulation results show considerable improvement of the proposed algorithm.

The complexity involved in designing and developing solutions has increased dramatically over the past 30 years. As your application portfolio evolves, there are process strategies that can help your organization overcome the problems that plague software development today. Promoting reusability by adopting production line methodologies will ensure broader success of the systems delivered using these processes. Reusability rarely happens by accident, and using strategic processes like architecture-driven development will make discovery of reusable components an intentional step as opposed to an opportunistic one. 1.

Abstract. Multi-join query optimization is an important technique for designing and implementing database management system. It is a crucial factor that affects the capability of database. This paper proposes a Bees algorithm that simulates the foraging behavior of honey bee swarm to solve Multi-join query optimization problem. The performance of the Bees algorithm and Ant Colony Optimization algorithm are compared with respect to computational time and the simulation result indicates that Bees algorithm is more effective and efficient.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) becomes one of the most realistic and commercial systems in power grid since smart grid has been introduced, but its security issues are not cleared yet because of both economical and technical problems. However, the infringement of privacy becomes under controversy recently, security cannot be an option in deploying AMI system any more. In this paper, we propose the security architecture for AMI system after defining some security requirements, and then the AMI security protocol in more details. The emulation board is implemented in FPGA type to verify that our research is reasonable and realistic.

This article presents some of the characteristics of future service-oriented systems. Also, it focuses on a set of architecture and design drivers for these future service- oriented systems that can help meet new expectations without sacrificing the loosely coupled, stateless, standards-based characteristics that have driven SOA adoption in many contexts. The article concludes with thoughts on the key role of the architect in the serviceoriented systems-development process.