advances in grid infrastructure and middleware development have enabled various types of applications in science and engineering to be deployed on the grid. The characteristics of these applications and the diverse infrastructure and middleware solutions developed, utilized or adapted by PRAGMA member institutes are summarized. The applications include those for climate modeling, computational chemistry, bioinformatics and computational genomics, remote control of instruments, and distributed databases. Many of the applications are deployed to the PRAGMA grid testbed in routine basis experiments. Strategies for deploying applications without modifications, and those taking advantage of new programming models on the grid are explored and valuable lessons learned are reported. Comprehensive end to end solutions from PRAGMA member institutes that provide important grid middleware components and generalized models of integrating applications and instruments on the grid are also described. Index Terms—PRAGMA, grid, applications, deployment, strategies, lessons

tuberculosis has shown a speedy worldwide spread. The incidence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is increasing in almost all industrialized and developing countries. The epidemiology of multiple drug resistance varies in different regions and countries. The aim of this study was to determine the activities of first-line (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and streptomycin) and second-line (kanamycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethionamide and capreomycin) antituberculosis drugs on 100 various clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 27294, ATCC 35838, ATCC 35825 and ATCC 35837 were used for internal quality control. First-line drug resistant strains were isolated from 10 clinical specimens. Six of them showed resistance to a single drug and four to more than one first-line drug. All of the single-drug resistant strains were resistant to isoniazid. Of 100 isolates, 56 were resistant to capreomycin, 41 to kanamycin, 12 to para-aminosalicylic acid and four to ethionamide. All of the first-line drug-resistant strains were found to be susceptible to para-aminosalicylic acid and ethionamide. In view of the above findings, we suggest that clinicians should be well-informed about the current local epidemiology of tuberculosis, and health care institutions should maintain up-to-date drug susceptibility data on the local isolates of M. tuberculosis. Key Words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin, kanamycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethionamide, capreomycin, susceptibility

applications. The recent release of the Java version 5.0 has further increased its popularity due to the inclusion of new features that exist in other OO languages. The transition from Java 1.4.x to Java 1.5.x has provided the programmer with more flexibility when implementing programs in Java. In this paper

Our objective is to understand the notion of type in programming languages, present a model of typed, polymorphic programming languages that reflects recent research in type theory, and examine the relevance of recent research to the design of practical programming languages. Object

Model checking has been widely successful in validating and debugging designs in the hardware and protocol domains. However, state-space explosion limits the applicability of model checking tools, so model checkers typically operate on abstractions of systems. Recently, there has been significant

Abstract Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) graphs are useful for organizing classifiers and visualizing their performance. ROC graphs are commonly used in medical decision making, and in recent years have been used increasingly in machine learning and data mining research. Although ROC

Abstract—This paper summarizes the current state of the art and recent trends in software engineering economics. It provides an overview of economic analysis techniques and their applicability to software engineering and management. It surveys the field of software cost estimation, including

hill climbing Abstract. Conceptual clustering is an important way of summarizing and explaining data. However, the recent formulation of this paradigm has allowed little exploration of conceptual clustering as a means of improving performance. Furthermore, previous work in conceptual clustering has

Abstract. This article presents some general remarks on rough sets and their place in general picture of research on vagueness and uncertainty -concepts of utmost interest, for many years, for philosophers, mathematicians, logicians and recently also for computer scientists and engineers

The Time-Frequency and Time-Scale communities have recently developed a large number of overcomplete waveform dictionaries -- stationary wavelets, wavelet packets, cosine packets, chirplets, and warplets, to name a few. Decomposition into overcomplete systems is not unique, and several methods