we present the first study that investigates how the characteristics of a class are combined, thereby providing feedback on how the features provided by Java 1.4.x or earlier and Java 1.5.x or earlier are currently used. The study uses a taxonomy of OO classes that provides a mechanism to catalog any

Abstract Object-oriented programming is as much a different way of designing programs as it is a different way of designing programming languages. This paper describes what it is like to design systems in Smalltalk. In particular, since a major motivation for object-oriented programming

Abstract. The PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge ran from February to March 2005. The goal of the challenge was to recognize objects from a number of visual object classes in realistic scenes (i.e. not pre-segmented objects). Four object classes were selected: motorbikes, bicycles, cars

-defined ‘abstraction classes ’ as follows: (i) The class of non-local statements (a_) contains Strategic statements; (ii) The class of local and intensional statements (_\) contains Tactical statements; (iii) The class of ‘local and extensional ’ statements (_X) contains Implementation

Abstract Time varying correlations are often estimated with Multivariate Garch models that are linear in squares and cross products of the data. A new class of multivariate models called dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) models is proposed. These have the flexibility of univariate GARCH models

One of the characteristics of the increasingly widespread use of object-oriented libraries and the resulting intensive use of inheritance is the proliferation of dependencies on abstract classes. Since abstract classes cannot be instantiated, they cannot be tested in isolation using standard

In this article we will be discussing abstract classes, and how they are implemented in C++. The first part of the article will define abstract classes and describe how to use them as tools for Object Oriented Design. The second half of the article will concern itself with their implementation in C

Abstract. We provide a framework for the analysis of a large class of discontinuous methods for second-order elliptic problems. It allows for the understanding and comparison of most of the discontinuous Galerkin methods that have been proposed over the past three decades for the numerical

Define the interface for a hierarchy of classes while deferring the implementation to subclasses.Abstract Class lets subclasses redefine the implementation of an interface while preserving the polymorphism of those classes.Also Known As Liskov Substitution Principle [LW93], Design by Contract

automation for an impoverished logic, and others that feature expressive logics but only limited automation. PVS attempts to tread the middle ground between these two classes by providing mechanical assistance to support clear and abstract specifications, and readable yet sound proofs for difficult theorems