) in the upper troposphere. Photochemical model calculations capture 66% of the variance of observed HO x concentrations. Two master variables are found to determine the variance of the 24-hour average HO x concentrations: the primary HO x production rate, P(HO x ), and the concentration of nitrogen oxide

. Photochemical model calculations capture 66 % of the variance of observed HO concentrations. Two master variables are found to determine the variance of the 24 h average HO concentrations: the primary HO production rate, P(HO), and the concentration of nitrogen oxide radicals (NO "NO#NO). We use these two

Zonally averaged limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere data from the Nimbus 7 satellite are used together with an essentially algebraic photochemical equilibrium odel to infer concentrations of O,,, HO,,, and NO,, species over most of the stratosphere for the period from March 26, 1979

The sources of HO x (OH+peroxy radicals) and the associated production of ozone at 8-12 km over the United States are examined by modeling observations of OH, HO 2 , NO, and other species during the SUCCESS aircraft campaign in AprilMay 1996. The HO x concentrations measured in SUCCESS are up to a

precision for OH was about 2.5×105 molec/cm3 for 10-min averages or approximately 0.01 ppt. For HO2 the 1σ precision was approximately 0.1 ppt for 1-min averages. The 2-sigma-accuracy was ±40%, due to uncertainties of the absolute calibration. In addition total OH loss rates in ambient air were measured

. With the reported number of mild, juvenile and adult forms of genetic disorders increasing, this diagnosis will also be useful for teenagers and adults. We therefore considered it important not to confine our investigation to children and compared the diagnostic value of 24-hour and spot urines. As shown in 24-hour

A b s t r a c t The present study investigates the photochemical properties of a potential photosensitiser, indocya-nine green (ICG), in vitro. A marked cytotoxicity of ICG on hela cells after 24 hours from ICG appli-cation into the cells was proved beginning from a concentration of 206 μM ICG (P

-control study, nested within a prospective cohort of pregnant women (186 GDM cases and 191 women who remained eu-glycemic through pregnancy), we assessed the association of maternal serum HO-1 concentrations, measured in samples collected at 16 weeks gestation, on average, with subsequent risk of GDM. Maternal

North America. Typical Asian fine dust concentrations (24-hour average) are between 0.2 and 1 mg/m3 and only very rarely exceed 5 mg/m3. Our data also indicate that Asian dust is concentrated in an altitude zone ranging from about 500 to 3000 m MSL, consistent with isentropic transport processes

such serious health effects, the World Health Organi-zation (WHO) has introduced a guideline that the concentration of inhalable PM10 (particulates with diameters 10 mm) must not exceed 20 mgm3 and 50 mgm3 for the annual- and 24-h averages, respectively (WHO, 2005). However, the annual-mean PM10 level