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REVIEW The role of toll-like receptors in acute and
"... By virtue of its direct contact with the environment, the lung is constantly challenged by infectious and non-infectious stimuli that necessitate a robust yet highly controlled host response coordinated by the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) functi ..."
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By virtue of its direct contact with the environment, the lung is constantly challenged by infectious and non-infectious stimuli that necessitate a robust yet highly controlled host response coordinated by the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs
Human Toll-like receptor 2 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharide
, 1998
"... Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor �B (NF-�B) in host cells upon infection. LPS binds to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)anchored membrane protein CD14, which lacks an intracellular signaling domain. Here we investigated the role of ..."
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Cited by 99 (4 self)
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of mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as signal transducers for LPS. Overexpression of TLR2, but not TLR1, TLR4, or CD14 conferred LPS inducibility of NF-�B activation in mammalian 293 cells. Mutational analysis demonstrated that this LPS response requires the intracellular domain of TLR2. LPS signaling
MD-2, a molecule that confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness on toll-like receptor
, 1999
"... Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Toll, a leucine-rich repeat molecule that can trigger innate responses against pathogens. The TLR4 gene has recently been shown to be mutated in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice, both of which are low responders to lipopolysaccharide (L ..."
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Cited by 202 (17 self)
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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Toll, a leucine-rich repeat molecule that can trigger innate responses against pathogens. The TLR4 gene has recently been shown to be mutated in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice, both of which are low responders to lipopolysaccharide
Differential Effects of a Toll-Like Receptor Antagonist on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Macrophage Responses 1
"... We previously showed that viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli contain distinct ligands that activate cells via the mammalian Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins TLR2 and TLR4. We now demonstrate that expression of a dominant negative TLR2 or TLR4 proteins in RAW 264.7 macrophages partially ..."
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We previously showed that viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli contain distinct ligands that activate cells via the mammalian Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins TLR2 and TLR4. We now demonstrate that expression of a dominant negative TLR2 or TLR4 proteins in RAW 264.7 macrophages
unknown title
"... Toll receptors were first discovered in the fruit-fly, Drosophila; these receptors were shown to play big role in innate immunity by recognizing microbial particles and activating immune cells against the source of these microbial particles. Homologies of the Drosophila Toll receptors are observed i ..."
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in mammalian immune cells; these receptors are termed Toll-like receptors, and they play a similar role in microbial recognition as the Drosophila Toll receptors. The pathway on page 7 focuses on the mammalian Toll-like receptors. Currently, ten type of Toll-like receptors have been identified, TLRs 1
The Journal of Immunology Intracellular Bacterial Infection-Induced IFN- � Is Critically but Not Solely Dependent on Toll-Like Receptor 4-Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-IFN-��-STAT1 Signaling 1
"... Infection of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM�) with Chlamydia pneumoniae induces IFN-��-dependent IFN-� secretion that leads to control of the intracellular bacterial growth. Enhanced growth of C. pneumoniae in Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 �/ � and myeloid differentiation factor (MyD) 88 � ..."
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, and RNA-dependent protein kinase. In summary, C. pneumoniae-induced IFN- � expression in BMM � is controlled by a TLR4-MyD88-IFN-��-STAT1-dependent pathway, as well as by a TLR4-independent pathway leading to NF-�B activation. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 172: 6345–6353. Mammalian Toll-like receptors
NEW DEVELOPMENTS Toll-like Receptors and the
"... The immune response to microbial pathogens relies on both innate and adaptive components. 1 The innate or immediate response is mediated in large measure by leukocytes of the blood, such as neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages, cells that phagocytose and kill the pathogens and that concurrently coordi ..."
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. This discrimination is achieved by the evolution of a variety of receptors that recognize conserved motifs on pathogens called pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), perhaps the best-characterized class of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) 3,4 in mammalian species, play
Toll-like receptors in esophageal cancer
"... Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are cancers of high mortality. EAC develops through Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and columnar dysplasia, preceded by gastro-esophageal reflux disease. The risk of esophageal squamous cell car-cinoma is increased by smoking and alcohol cons ..."
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consumption. New treatment options for esophageal cancer are desperately needed. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in mammalian immunity and cancer. TLRs are activated by microbial components, such as lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, DNA, and RNA, as well as endogenous ligands, including heat
Pan-Vertebrate Toll-Like Receptors During Evolution
"... Abstract: Human toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to raise innate immune responses. The human TLR family was discovered because of its sequence similarity to fruit fly (Drosophila) Toll, which is involved in an anti-fungal response. In this review, w ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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Abstract: Human toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to raise innate immune responses. The human TLR family was discovered because of its sequence similarity to fruit fly (Drosophila) Toll, which is involved in an anti-fungal response. In this review
Director of Graduate Studies
"... Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine which limits inflammatory responses by balancing the host’s immune response against infection. Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize specific molecular pattens on microbial pathogens and activate intrace ..."
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Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine which limits inflammatory responses by balancing the host’s immune response against infection. Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize specific molecular pattens on microbial pathogens and activate
Results 1 - 10
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6,904
