users to carry out addi-tional actions during the authentication process. In this paper, we present an exploratory comparative study of the usability of 2F technologies. First, we conduct a pre-study interview to identify popular technologies as well as contexts and motivations in which they are used

On one hand, heuristic evaluation has been considered as a potential alternative for extensive user testing; on the other hand, some comparative studies showed that user testing could not be substituted by heuristic evaluation.

The complex interplay between gaze tracker accuracy and interface design is the focus of this paper. Two slightly different variants of GazeTalk, a hierarchical typing interface, were contrasted with a novel interface, Dasher, in which text entry is done by continuous navigation. All of the interfaces were tested with a good and a deliberate bad calibration of the tracker. The purpose was to investigate, if performance indices normally used for evaluation of typing systems, such as characters per minute (CPM) and error-rate, could differentiate between the conditions, and thus guide an iterative system development of both trackers and interfaces. Gaze typing with one version of the static, hierarchical menu systems was slightly faster than the others. Error measures, in terms of rate of backspacing, were also significantly different for the systems, while the deliberate bad tracker calibrations did not have any measurable effect. Learning effects were evident under all conditions. Power-law-of-practice learning models suggested that Dasher might be more efficient than GazeTalk in the long run.

study of two such tools: SpaceNet, a discrete event simulation tool and a comparable spreadsheet-based tool. The study follows a randomized orthogonal design having within-subjects evaluation of the two tools with 12 volunteer subjects (eight subjects with space backgrounds, four without). Each subject

of the first comprehensive and comparative study of eleven notable secure device pairing methods. Usability measures include: task performance times, ratings on System Usability Scale (SUS), task completion rates, and perceived security. Study subjects were controlled for age, gender and prior experience

This paper is a comparative study of feature selection methods in statistical learning of text categorization. The focus is on aggressive dimensionality reduction. Five methods were evaluated, including term selection based on document frequency (DF), information gain (IG), mutual information (MI

single run. However, the few comparative studies of different methods presented up to now remain mostly qualitative and are often restricted to a few approaches. In this paper, four multiobjective EA’s are compared quantitatively where an extended 0/1 knapsack problem is taken as a basis. Furthermore, we

security requires a different usability standard, and that it will not be achieved through the user interface design techniques appropriate to other types of consumer software. To test this hypothesis, we performed a case study of a security program which does have a good user interface by general

The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Introduction: The standard of care for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression associated with opioid overdose is injectable naloxone. This study compared the usability of two naloxone delivery devices, a

of these supportive auditory icons by comparing three different e-learning interfaces in terms of usability aspects; effectiveness, user satisfaction and memorability. The aim is to find out which combination of the tested multimodal metaphors is the best one in terms of utilizing the auditory icons to supplement