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ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

by B. Brandon Curry, William W. Shilts , 2007
"... Counties, Illinois is a map that identifies, describes, and locates near-surface earth materials relevant to many envi-ronmental and economic issues. The primary land use in the area is commercial and residential; most of the quadrangle is categorized as “Urban Corridor Area ” of Kane County ..."
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Counties, Illinois is a map that identifies, describes, and locates near-surface earth materials relevant to many envi-ronmental and economic issues. The primary land use in the area is commercial and residential; most of the quadrangle is categorized as “Urban Corridor Area ” of Kane County

Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems

by Peter M. Vitousek, Harold A. Mooney, Jane Lubchenco, Jerry M. Melillo - Science , 1997
"... Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half interact with the atmosphere, with aquatic of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide con- systems, and with surrounding land. Morecentration in the atmosphere has increased by near ..."
Abstract - Cited by 609 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half interact with the atmosphere, with aquatic of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide con- systems, and with surrounding land. Morecentration in the atmosphere has increased

Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces

by Ronen Basri, David Jacobs , 2000
"... We prove that the set of all reflectance functions (the mapping from surface normals to intensities) produced by Lambertian objects under distant, isotropic lighting lies close to a 9D linear subspace. This implies that, in general, the set of images of a convex Lambertian object obtained under a wi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 526 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
We prove that the set of all reflectance functions (the mapping from surface normals to intensities) produced by Lambertian objects under distant, isotropic lighting lies close to a 9D linear subspace. This implies that, in general, the set of images of a convex Lambertian object obtained under a

Configuration of near-surface shear-wave velocity by inverting surface wave

by Jianghai Xia, Richard D. Miller, Choon B. Park - Proceedings of the , 1999
"... The shear (S)-wave velocity of near-surface materials (such as soil, rocks, and pavement) and its effect on seismic wave propagation are of fundamental interest in many groundwater, engineering, and environmental studies. Ground roll is a Rayleigh-type surface wave that travels along or near the sur ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
The shear (S)-wave velocity of near-surface materials (such as soil, rocks, and pavement) and its effect on seismic wave propagation are of fundamental interest in many groundwater, engineering, and environmental studies. Ground roll is a Rayleigh-type surface wave that travels along or near

Calculations of Voltages for Magnetotelluric Modelling of a Region with Near-Surface Inhomogeneities', Phys. Earth Planet. lnter

by Helena E. Poll, J. T. Weaver, Alan G. Jones , 1989
"... In the magnetotelluric method, measurements of the components of the horizontal electric field are obtained by recording the voltage between grounded electrodes and dividing by their separation distances. This procedure gives the true value of the electric field only if it is uniform between the ele ..."
Abstract - Cited by 6 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
the electrodes. In regions of near-surface inhomogeneity this condition is not fulfilled, and in extreme cases each electrode may be in contact with surface material of different resistivity. It is therefore suggested that voltages, rather than electric fields, should be computed in the two-dimensional modelling

OF ARTICLE IN PRESS 1 Determining Q of near-surface materials from Rayleigh waves

by Jianghai Xiaa, Richard D. Millera, Choon B. Parka, Gang Tianb , 2001
"... 9 High-frequency (z 2 Hz) Rayleigh wave phase velocities can be inverted to shear (S)-wave velocities for a layered earth 10 model up to 30 m below the ground surface in many settings. Given S-wave velocity (VS), compressional (P)-wave velocity 11 (VP), and Rayleigh wave phase velocities, it is feas ..."
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attenuation coefficients from QP cannot be 14 ignored when Vs/VP reaches 0.45, which is not uncommon in near-surface settings. It is possible to invert QP from Rayleigh 15 wave attenuation coefficients in some geological setting, a concept that differs from the common perception that Rayleigh wave 16

SCIAMACHY - Mission objectives and measurement modes

by H. Bovensmann, J. P. Burrows, M. Buchwitz, J. Frerick, S. Noe L, V. V. Rozanov, K. V. Chance, A. P. H. Goede - J. Atmos. Sciences , 1999
"... SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) is a spectrometer designed to measure sunlight transmitted, reflected, and scattered by the earth’s atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength region (240–2380 nm) at moderate spect ..."
Abstract - Cited by 234 (46 self) - Add to MetaCart
SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) is a spectrometer designed to measure sunlight transmitted, reflected, and scattered by the earth’s atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength region (240–2380 nm) at moderate

Near-surface oxygen atmosphere at Europa

by V. I. Shematovich, R. E. Johnson - Adv. Space Res , 2001
"... The bombardment of the surface of Europa by charged particles trapped in the jovian magnetosphere causes sputtering and decomposition of surface materials leading to the production of a tenuous 02 atmosphere. In this paper we use a direct Monte Carlo simulation of the atmosphere and we account for a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 4 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
The bombardment of the surface of Europa by charged particles trapped in the jovian magnetosphere causes sputtering and decomposition of surface materials leading to the production of a tenuous 02 atmosphere. In this paper we use a direct Monte Carlo simulation of the atmosphere and we account

Reflection from Layered Surfaces due to Subsurface Scattering

by Pat Hanrahan, Wolfgang Krueger , 1993
"... The reflection of light from most materials consists of two major terms: the specular and the diffuse. Specular reflection may be modeled from first principles by considering a rough surface consisting of perfect reflectors, or micro-facets. Diffuse reflection is generally considered to result from ..."
Abstract - Cited by 230 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
The reflection of light from most materials consists of two major terms: the specular and the diffuse. Specular reflection may be modeled from first principles by considering a rough surface consisting of perfect reflectors, or micro-facets. Diffuse reflection is generally considered to result from

Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon,

by V Ramanathan , G Carmichael - Nat. Geosci., , 2008
"... Figure 1: Global distribution of BC sources and radiative forcing. a, BC emission strength in tons per year from a study by Bond et al. Full size image (42 KB) Review Nature Geoscience 1, 221 -227 (2008 Black carbon in soot is the dominant absorber of visible solar radiation in the atmosphere. Ant ..."
Abstract - Cited by 228 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
to dimming at the Earth's surface with important implications for the hydrological cycle, and the deposition of black carbon darkens snow and ice surfaces, which can contribute to melting, in particular of Arctic sea ice. Black carbon (BC) is an important part of the combustion product commonly referred
Results 1 - 10 of 6,772