Background Large-cage experiments indicate pyriproxifen (PPF) can be transferred from resting sites to aquatic habitats by Anopheles arabiensis- malaria vector mosquitoes to inhibit emergence of their own offspring. PPF coverage is amplified twice: (1) partial coverage of resting sites with PPF contamination results in far higher contamination coverage of adult mosquitoes because they are mobile and use numerous resting sites per gonotrophic cycle, and (2) even greater contamination coverage of aquatic habitats results from accumulation of PPF from multiple oviposition events. Methods and Findings Deterministic mathematical models are described that use only field-measurable input parameters and capture the biological processes that mediate PPF autodissemination. Recent successes in large cages can be rationalized, and the plausibility of success under full field conditions can be evaluated a priori. The model also defines measurable properties of PPF delivery prototypes that may be optimized under controlled experimental conditions

concepts (or p-concepts) may arise in situations such as weather prediction, where the measured variables and their accuracy are insufficient to determine the outcome with certainty. We adopt from the Valiant model of learning [27] the demands that learning algorithms be efficient and general in the sense

in the radiative heating at the surface) 26, 58 . With respect to ABCs, the overall negative forcing at the TOA, as well as the surface dimming, should lead to a decrease in evaporation and rainfall 7, 37 . It is difficult to predict the net effect of GHGs and ABCs on global rainfall, given the large positive

Artificial neural networks have been applied to the prediction of splice site location in human pre--mRNA. A joint prediction scheme where prediction of transition regions between introns and exons regulates a cutoff level for splice site assignment was able to predict splice site locations

than their population fre-this ideal scenario, and provided that the time since quencies, as in a case-control study. D yields results the disease mutation is not too long, the pattern or comparable to those of d in many realistic settings. Of curve of disequilibrium between disease and marker

and ignoring predictability can be substantial, although allowing for intermediate consumption reduces these costs. Ignoring realistic transaction costs ("xed and proportional) imposes signi"cant utility costs that range from 0.8 % up to 16.9 % of wealth. For the scenarios that we consider

(IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios describes new scenarios of the future, and predicts greenhouse gas emissions associated with such developments. These scenarios are based on a thorough review of the literature, the development of narrative "storylines", and the quantification

predicted by our model were within the 95 % confidence intervals of the observed average response times. Our experiments also demonstrate the utility of the model for dynamic capacity provisioning, performance prediction, bottleneck identification, and session policing. In one scenario, where the request

detect the most important variables from an application and use them to define and dynamically predict scenarios, with respect to the necessary time budget, for soft real-time multimedia applications. The tool was tested for two multimedia applications. Using a proactive scenario-based scheduler based

The objective of the five scenarios presented in this paper was to provide a mechanism for those involved in the study to envision rather than predict a range of possible ‘futures ’ for the agri-