While walnut trees on Juglans hindsii x J. regia ‘Paradox ’ rootstocks are highly susceptible to crown gall, it is unknown whether this bacterial disease is acquired in the nursery or the orchard. We selected two groups of gall-free trees in nurseries, those adjacent to trees with and without galls. Two years after being trans-planted in the orchard, trees in the group adjacent to those with galls had significantly greater — more than four times more — crown gall incidence than those adjacent to trees without galls (14 % versus 3%). In

development of techniques that yield performance across a range of current and future parallel machines. This paper offers a new parallel machine model, called LogP, that reflects the critical technology trends underlying parallel computers. It is intended to serve as a basis for developing fast, portable

I find that the standard class of a#ne models produces poor forecasts of future changes in Treasury yields. Better forecasts are generated by assuming that yields follow random walks. The failure of these models is driven by one of their key features: The compensation that investors receive

structure of interest rates are the level and slope of the term structure. If an increase in the slope of the Treasury curve increases the expected future short rate, then by the same argument as above, it should also lead to a decrease in credit spreads. From a different perspective, a decrease in yield

in pluripotency and differentiation, and widespread reduced methylation levels in fibroblasts associated with lower transcriptional activity. These reference epigenomes provide a foundation for future studies exploring this key epigenetic modification in human disease and development. Thirty-four years have

We employ novel tests to investigate WTI crude oil spot and futures prices along the yield curve for the presence of rational bubbles. The empirical methodology adopted is consistent with periods of multiple bubbles and permits the origination and end dates of each bubble to be identified

for the future but currently has yielded relatively little that is of practical use in applied work. Consequently, most MCMC users address the convergence problem by applying diagnostic tools to the output produced by running their samplers. After giving a brief overview of the area, we provide an expository

A multi-disciplinary approach to promote agricultural productivity and the water use efficiency is required to cope with climate change. In addition to affecting crop water supply and consumption, climate change will also

Treasury bill rate. We also find that this variable is a better forecaster of future returns at short and intermediate horizons than is the dividend yield, the dividend payout ratio, and several other popular forecasting variables. Why should the consumption–wealth ratio forecast asset returns? We show

Like many technologies, low-cost Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems will become pervasive in our daily lives when affixed to everyday consumer items as "smart labels". While yielding great productivity gains, RFID systems may create new threats to the security and privacy