by Ragunathan Rajkumar, Lui Sha, John P. Lehoczky, Krithi Ramamritham
Advances in Real-Time Systems
http://cs.chungnam.ac.kr/~ykim/courses/grad-rts2000/son-book/chap11.ps
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Abstract:
Hard real-time systems require predictable timing behavior, and priority-driven preemptive scheduling is increasingly being used in these systems. Resources in these enviroiments should ideally be allocated to the highest-priority task. Priority inversion is a situation in which a higher-priority job is forced to wait for a lowerpriority job. Priority inversion degrades system schedulability. Hence, priority inversion should be minimized in a hard real-time environment. Unfortunately, a direct application of synchronization primitives such as semaphores, monitors, and Ada rendezvous can cause uncontrolled priority inversion, a situation in which a low-priority job blocks a higher-priority job for an indefinite period of time. In this chapter we investigate policies belonging to the class of priority inheritance policies that minimize priority inversion. We develop a priority inheritance policy called the Optimal Mutex Policy (OMP) which has two desirable properties: deadlocks are avoided and the worst-case blocking duration of a job is bounded by the duration of execution of a single critical section of a lower-priority job.
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