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  Survey on user interface programming (1992) [91 citations — 6 self]

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by Brad A. Myers, Mary Beth Rosson
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/garnet/doc/papers/uisurveyCHI92.ps
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Abstract:

brad.myers @ cs.cmu.edu This paper reports on the results of a survey of user interface programming. The survey was widely distributed, and we received 74 responses. The results show that in today's applications, an average of 48 % of the code is devoted to the user interface portion. The average time spent on the user interface portion is 45 % during the design phase, 50% during the implementation phase, and 37 % during the maintenance phase. 34 % of the systems were implemented using a toolkit, 27 % used a UIMS, 14 % used an interface builder, and 26 % used no tools. The projects using only toolkits spent the largest percentage of the time and code on the user interface (around 60%) compared to around 45 % for those with no tools. This appears to be because the toolkit systems had more sophisticated user interfaces. The projects using UIMSs or interface builders spent the least percent of time and code on the user interface (around 41%) suggesting that these tools are effective. In general, people were happy with the tools they used, especially the graphical interface builders. The most common problems people reported when developing a user interface included getting users ' requirements, writing help text, achieving consistency, learning how to use the tools, getting acceptable performance, and communicating among various parts of the program.

Citations

117 Designing for usability: Key principles and what designers think – Gould, Lewis - 1985
100 Creating User Interfaces by Demonstration – Myers - 1988
69 Human-Computer Interface Development: Concepts and Systems for its Management – Hartson, Hix - 1989
37 The X Window System Programming and Application with Xt – Young - 1990
32 Creating graphical interactive application objects by demonstration – Myers, Zanden, et al. - 1989
26 PRIDE: An expert system for the design of paper handling systems – Mittal, Dym, et al. - 1986
24 Usability specifications as a tool in iterative development – Carroll, Rosson - 1985
22 State of the Art in User Interface Software Tools – Myers - 1992
22 A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects – Wolber, Fisher - 1991
15 MacApp: An Application Framework – Schmucker - 1986
7 Private communication – Fox - 1986
4 Designing for Designers: An Analysis of – Rosson, Maass, et al. - 1987
4 A Study of Display Generation and – Sutton, Sprague - 1978
2 User Interface Programming Survey – Myers, Rosson - 1991
1 Interface development tools: Feast or Famine (panel – Lee, Linton, et al. - 1991