Multiple threads can be used not only as a mechanism for tolerating unpredictable communication latency but also for facilitating dynamic scheduling and load balancing. Multithreaded systems are well suited to highly irregular and dynamic applications, such as tree search problems, and provide a natural way to achieve performance improvement through such new concepts as active messages and remote memory copy. Although already popular in singleprocessor and shared-memory processor systems, multithreading on distributed systems encounters more difficulties and needs to address new issues such as communication, scheduling and migration between threads located in separate addressing spaces. This paper addresses the key issues of multithreaded systems and investigates existing approaches for distributed concurrent computations.
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