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Abstract: Time underlies many interesting human behaviors. Thus, the question of how to represent time in connectionist models is very important. One approach is to represent time implicitly by its effects on processing rather than explicitly (as in a spatial representation). The current report develops a proposal along these lines first described by Jordan (1986) which involves the use of recurrent links in order to provide networks with a dynamic memory. In this approach, hidden unit patterns are fed... (Update)
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BibTeX entry: (Update)
J.L. Elman. Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14:179--211, 1990. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/elman90finding.html More
@article{ elman90finding,
author = "Jeffrey L. Elman",
title = "Finding Structure in Time",
journal = "Cognitive Science",
volume = "14",
number = "2",
pages = "179-211",
year = "1990",
url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/elman90finding.html" }
Citations (may not include all citations):1491 Learning internal representations by error propagation (context) - Rumelhart, Hinton et al. - 1986 ACM
625 Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microst.. (context) - Rumelhart - 1986
269 A learning algorithm for continually running fully recurrent.. - Williams, Zipser - 1988
256 Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text (context) - Sejnowski, Rosenberg - 1987
198 Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A critical analysi.. - Fodor, Pylyshyn - 1988 ACM
192 Aspects of the theory of syntax (context) - Chomsky - 1965
142 the proper treatment of connectionism (context) - Smolensky - 1988
93 A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language (context) - Marcus - 1980
91 Distributed representations (context) - Hinton, McClelland et al. - 1986
82 Generalization of backpropagation to recurrent and higher or.. (context) - Pineda - 1988
35 The sausage machine: A new two-stage parsing model (context) - Frazier, Fodor - 1978
27 Encoding sequential structure in simple recurrent networks (context) - Servan-Schreiber, Cleeremans et al. - 1988
21 The problem of serial order in behavior (context) - Lashley - 1951
20 Structured representations and connectionist models (context) - Elman - 1989
17 On variable binding and the representation of symbolic struc.. (context) - Smolensky - 1987
16 San Diego (context) - the, Conference et al. - 1987
16 Parsnip: A connectionist network that learns natural languag.. (context) - Hanson, Kegl - 1987
16 The temporal structure of spoken language understanding (context) - Marslen-Wilson, Tyler - 1980
12 The Grammatical Basis of Linguistic Performance (context) - Berwick, Weinberg - 1984
12 Neural computation by concentrating information in time (context) - Tank, Hopfield - 1987
10 Image compression by back propagation: A demonstration of ex.. (context) - Cottrell, Munro et al. - 1987
9 Motor control of serial ordering of speech (context) - MacNeilage - 1970
8 A dynamical approach to temporal pattern processing (context) - Stornetta, Hogg et al. - 1987 DBLP
8 Spoken word recognition processes and the gating paradigm (context) - Grosjean - 1980
7 The acquisition of morphophonology (context) - MacWhinney - 1978
7 Universals of Language (context) - Greenberg - 1963
7 Connections and Symbols (context) - Pinker, Mehler - 1977 ACM
6 Skilled actions: A task dynamic approach (context) - Saltzman, Kelso - 1987
4 Discovering the hidden structure of speech (context) - Elman, Zipser - 1988
2 Effects of context on the immediate interpretation of unambi.. (context) - Tabossi - 1988
2 Coarticulation and theories of extrinsic timing control (context) - Fowler - 1980
1 Historical Linguistics: An Introduction (context) - Lehman - 1962
1 The dynamical theory of speech production: Data and theory (context) - Kelso, Saltzman et al. - 1986
1 Department of Computer Science (context) - Jordan, Rosenbaum et al. - 1988
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