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H. Schulzrinne. Guide to NeVoT 3.32.

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Experience with Implementation of Multi-Party Video-Conferencing .. - Loh, Chua (1996)   (1 citation)  (Correct)

....is done by caching silent packets during silent periods. Similarly, at the end of a talkspurt, a few silent packets are sent right after the last non silent packet. This is to ensure that the trailing part of a word, especially low energy aspirated sounds (such as s sound ) are not clipped off. [25] Once the playout point of a packet has been determined it should be played out with the correct timing, i.e. if the packet contains 40ms of audio data, it should be played out with that duration. The system timer is often too coarse for this application. Besides, using the system timer consumes ....

....global ring buffer. The insertion point of the packet is determined based on its playout delay. If there are more than one stream of audio, they have to be mixed before inserting into the ring buffer. Mixing two streams of audio is done by simply adding the corresponding samples of the two streams. [25] Due to the unreliable delivery of UDP, the packets might arrived at the receiver out of order, causing some packets to breach their playout deadline. There are two methods of handling late packets. One way is to simply drop the late packets leaving silent gaps in the playout audio. Another way ....

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H. Schulzrinne. Guide to NeVoT 3.32.


Application-based Enhancement to Network-Layer Multicast - Donahoo (1998)   (1 citation)  (Correct)

....generic transport protocol exists for multicast. Instead, transport protocols are being designed on a per application type basis[44, 70, 101, 107, 113, 116, 135, 144, 153] Application Layer: Most MBone applications[106] are fairly obvious uses of multicast including video[68, 110, 111] audio[87, 139], session management[88] and whiteboard dissemination[89] 1.3 Relevant Issues IP multicast is a very rudimentary network service which takes a message and promises best effort delivery to receivers subscribing to a multicast address. Simply having this multicast service does not guarantee ....

....profound effect on application performance. We consider the mechanisms for placing and migrating the center to allow more efficient use of the network by the application. 1.3. 2 Application Layer Most MBone applications[106] are fairly obvious uses of multicast including video[68, 110, 111] audio[87, 139], whiteboard dissemination[89] and session management[88] 3 While it is true that geographic proximity does not guarantee shorter routes, we assume it for demonstration purposes. 8 Georgia S R R California C Source to Center Messages Center to Receiver Messages Figure 5: Poor Center ....

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Henning Schulzrinne. Guide to NeVoT 3.28. GMD Fokus, June 1995.

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