C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet. IEEE Network Magazine, 13(4), july/august 1999.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....[3] We refer to this class as the discrete domain. However, currently a large number of replicated applications evolve that change their state not only in response to operations, but also because of the passing of time. Very prominent examples for these applications are networked computer games [4]. Other examples are shared virtual reality systems [5] as well as CSCW applications for joint work with dynamic objects [6] We call these applications the continuous domain. For this class of applications the issue of consistency is still largely unexplored. As we shall show, the approaches for ....

....but the operation takes e ect some time after the train has passed it. Thus, it is important that local lag is chosen in a way such that is not noticeable or at least not distracting for the local user. It should be noted that the idea of delaying local operations is not new. For example, in [4] local state updates are delayed by 100 ms for a networked computer game. The key contribution of our concept of local lag is that the value for the delay is not arbitrarily set but is based on the knowledge about the tradeo between short term inconsistencies and response time. A. Determining a ....

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C. Diot and L. Gautier, \A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet," IEEE Network Magazine, vol. 13, no. 4, July/August 1999.

....[19] system provides a programming interface for MCGs. Networking is based on DIS protocol, and the system tries to reduce the tra#c by utilizing application specific semantic knowledge. The system also supports dead reckoning, message aggregation, and interest management. In MiMaze [39] 30] [23] the players try shoot each other in a 3D maze. It uses a distributed architecture, and requires a server only for initialization. To cope with di#erent transmission delays MiMaze employs a bucket synchronization mechanism. Delays between participating hosts are evaluated by using a wallclock ....

C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet. IEEE Networks Magazine, 13(4):6--15, 1999.

....players. They receive information about the game state from the server and may change it by sending their local actions to the server. In the academic environment, there have been prototypes of networked games that rely on a replicated architecture without a centralized server, e.g. MIMAZE [6]. In this architecture, all applications cooperate to maintain a shared game state. As we shall discuss, both alternatives exhibit signi cant problems when used for large scale games over very heterogeneous networks (such as the Internet) We therefore propose to use a proxy architecture which ....

....the game state in the game instances that are run by the players. Thus, there is no need for a central server. The application instances communicate directly with each other, using IP multicast if available. This approach has been used primarily for academic research projects such as MIMAZE [6], DIVE [7] or MASSIVE [8] The main advantages of this architecture are that there is no central bottleneck and that player actions are transmitted directly to the application instance of the other players, avoiding detours that would otherwise increase the latency. However, even though research ....

C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet. IEEE Networks magazine, 13(4), July/August 1999.

....in order to get a publisher for the games. 2.6 Research and Standardisation Some research is made in the area of multiplayer Internet games, but is mostly focused on developing fast applications, not developing applications fast. Examples of performance related game research are MiMaze [DG99] and AMaze [BC85] The main technique for speeding up multiuser applications is to develop distributed systems instead of centralized client server systems 1 . However, in order for distributed systems to be effective they need to work on networks with multicasting capabilities. The Large Scale ....

Chrisophe Diot, Laurent Gautier, "A Distributed Architecture for Multiplayer Interactive Applications on the Internet", IEEE Networks, July/ August 1999

....applications such as Internet radio broadcast or video on demand, and to asynchronous, document centric collaboration tools like email, instant messaging, or chat rooms. Representative application areas are collaborative virtual environments [6] distributed real time gaming environments [7], distributed interactive simulations (DIS) 14] collaboratories [17] distance learning [23] and telemedicine [27] Limitations in the availability and accessibility of resources in the shared workspace of a telecollaborative system create contention, competition, and conflict among users and ....

C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet. IEEE Network, 13(4):6--15, July-Aug. 1999.

....allows receivers to join groups that interest them. The sender sends only one message (as in unicast) to a group, which is received by multiple receivers (as in broadcast) belonging to the group. There are numerous examples of distributed applications utilizing multicast [3] 6] 8] 10] [27]. B. Latency Networking latency indicates the length of time (or delay) that incurs when a message gets from one designated node to another. In addition, the variance of latency over time (i.e. jitter) is another feature that a#ects interactive applications. Latency cannot be totally ....

....to the node. b) A short circuit relay sends the local control messages to the network and passes them locally back to the node. back to the node. This short circuiting can be realized with immediate feedback (the DIS standard) acknowledgments [6] or buckets delaying arrival of local messages [27]. It is important to di#erentiate these two structures: A high consistency architecture requires a two way relay, because all updates require confirmation from the other nodes. On the other hand, high responsiveness entails a short circuit relay, because the local control messages must appear ....

Christophe Diot and Laurent Gautier, "A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet," IEEE Networks Magazine, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 6--15, 1999.

....of time as well. Thus, the object s state not only depends on what operation issued on it, but also depends on the time at which this operation is executed. Recently, the continuous media has been employed in various kinds of distributed interactive systems, such as multi user computer games [22], distributed virtual reality [17] 18] 20] 24] and simulations [7] 19] Distributed virtual environment is a distributed system, which allows many clients who are located in different locations to concurrently explore and interact with each other in a high resolution, 3 dimensional, graphical ....

.... in [13] Our paper, on the other hand, addresses a problem that is not covered in [13] Diot and Gautier described the design and implementation of a distributed multiplayer game on the Internet, in which the buckets synchronization mechanism is devised to guarantee the consistency of the game [22]. Mauve studied the important tradeoff relationship between the responsiveness of the medium and the appearance of short term inconsistencies [21] Paper [21] shows that the fidelity of the application can be significantly raised by voluntarily decreasing the responsiveness of the medium. This ....

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C. Diot, L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet. IEEE Network, pp.6-15, July/August 1999.

....a host to guess the state of another player when updates are missing based on the last known vectors. Dead reckoning is a part of the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) and High level Architecture (HLA) standards [7] 8] and is commonly used by researchers and developers [9] 10] [11], 12] 13] 14] 15] In its simplest form, the predicted position of a player is equal to the previous position plus the velocity times the elapsed time. Singhal and Cheriton have refined this basic formulation [13] Diot, Gautier, and Kurose have evaluated the performance of bucket ....

....of a player is equal to the previous position plus the velocity times the elapsed time. Singhal and Cheriton have refined this basic formulation [13] Diot, Gautier, and Kurose have evaluated the performance of bucket synchronization with dead reckoning in a simple, distributed game called MiMaze [11], 12] Bucket synchronization provisions a series of buckets at each host, one bucket per 3 discrete time unit in the game. Each bucket collects state updates sent from each remote player. When it is time to process a bucket (i.e. the game time has reached that bucket s assigned time unit) any ....

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C. Diot and L. Gautier, "A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet," in IEEE Networks magazine, vol. 13, pp. 6--15. Jul--Aug 1999.

....Internet applications manage a large and widelydispersed set of users, have multiple data streams that vary in content and media type, and make use of multiple unicast and multicast streams in a single session. Examples of these distributed, interactive applications include multiplayer games [1], collaborative visualization and conferencing tools [2] and distributed interactive simulations (DIS) 3] We refer to applications with a large number of users, application entities, or content and media flows as large scale applications. Additionally, congestion control protocols [4] 5] ....

....worlds can view all events. Multiplayer games have many of the same requirements of DIS and HLA applications. Games may take on a larger number of concurrent participants than government sponsored simulations [3] An interesting area of distributed games are serverless games, e.g. MiMaze [1]. In MiMaze, participants multicast to each other their current application state and are able to synchronize without a centralized server. The success of this mechanism is a function of the latency between participants, which is dependent on the multicast topology connecting members. Large ....

C. Diot and L. Gautier, "A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet," IEEE Networks magazine, vol. 13, no. 4, July/August 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet. IEEE Network Magazine, 13(4), july/august 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet. IEEE Network, 13(4):6-15, July-Aug. 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier. A Distributed Architecture for Multiplayer Interactive Applications on the Internet. IEEE Networks, 13(4), July/August 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier, "A Distributed Architecture for Multiplayer Interactive Applications on the Internet," IEEE Networks magazine, vol. 13, no. 4, July/August 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier, "A Distributed Architecture for Multiplayer Interactive Applications on the Internet," IEEE Networks magazine, vol. 13, no. 4, July/August 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier. A Distributed Architecture for Multiplayer Interactive Applications on the Internet. IEEE Networks, 13(4), July/August 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet. IEEE Networks magazine, 13(4), July/August 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier, "A Distributed Architecture for Multiplayer Interactive Applications on the Internet," IEEE Networks magazine, vol. 13, no. 4, July/August 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet. IEEE Networks magazine, 13(4), July/August 1999.

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Diot, C., & Gautier, L. (1999). A Distributed Architecture for Multiplayer Interactive Applications on the Internet. IEEE Network (July/August).

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C. Diot and L.Gautier, "A Distributed Architecture for Multiplayer Interactive Application on the Internet", IEEE Network, July/August 1999, pages 6-15

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C. Diot and L. Gautier, "A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet, " in IEEE Networks magazine, vol. 13, pp. 6--15. Jul--Aug 1999.

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C. Diot and L. Gautier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the internet. IEEE Networks magazine, 13(4), July/August 1999.

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