Williams, M. D. (1984). What makes RABBIT run? In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21, 1984, pp. 333-352. 151  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....We would like to emphasize that this kind of progressive search is different from the refinement of a query within a search session, which is intended to gradually bring the result set closer to a perfect match to the user s information need. Systems such as those described by Williams [10] and Fischer and NieperLemke [6] allow the user to provide feedback on the relevance of terms appearing in the result set, after which the query is redefined to focus on items with these terms. Such reformula tion strategies assume that the user s information need is fixed throughout the search ....

....mediator invocations or ad hoc queries, we would expect to see some common information sources and common terminology used to express the boundaries of the problem area, so carrying these parameters over from one search to the next should be made easy for users. If query reformulation techniques ([6, 10]) could be extended beyond individual items and terms to in clude some of the surrounding context of the entire previous search, this would provide significant support to interconnected searching. This might be as simple as applying a filter with context specific terms (e.g. industry segments ....

Williams, M., What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21 (1984). 445

....or a package (the third item) can be removed from RCI display to make it easier to find the desired components. next java.awt. Container parent) aMout ,aut Reinement Figure 2: The Skip Components Menu They can start another round of searching by activating the retrieval by re formulation [24] interface (Fig. 3) to reformulate the query. In such a scenario, the delivered components serve the role of acquainting software developers with the vocabulary used in the repository system so that they can write a more appropriate query. By analyzing the delivered components, software developers ....

Williams, M., What Makes RABBIT Run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 21:333-352, 1984.

.... to curtail the cost of partial evaluation for large sites are also described in [49] We will not address 6 such modeling aspects here except to say that the effectiveness of a PIPE implementation depends on the particular modeling choices made within the programmatic representation (akin to [64]) We cannot overemphasize this aspect an example such as Fig. 3 can be made more personalized by conducting a more sophisticated modeling of the underlying domain. For example, individual politicians web pages at the leaves of Fig. 1 could be modeled by a deeper nesting of conditionals ....

....this paper, it suffices to note that we have various possibilities for representing information spaces in PIPE and that it is important to choose a representation that is well factored. 2. 4 Related Research In name and spirit, PIPE s personalization by partial evaluation is similar to RABBIT s [64] retrieval by reformulation. Both these approaches involve the modeling of information seeking in a setting that emphasizes (i) reconciling the mismatch between how an information space is organized and how a particular user forages in it, ii) closure properties of the transformation operators, ....

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M.D. Williams. What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol. 21:pages 333--352, 1984. 25

....Office s Tip of the Day [9] Retrieval by Reformulation. Because of the aforementioned conceptual gap and the unfamiliarity with the information space of HFAs, many users are unable to create a well defined query on their first attempt to locate relevant information. Retrieval byreformulation [44] is the process that allows users to incrementally improve their query after they have familiarized themselves with the information space by evaluating previous retrieval results. Retrieval by reformulation is especially important in information delivery systems that infer information needs. ....

Williams, M. What Makes RABBIT Run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 1984. 21: 333-352.

....as measuring similarities between document vectors. Similarly, the modeling of data as a set of relations in a database system affords expressive query languages such as SQL. Other models and modeling methodologies can be found in interactive information retrieval applications [CKPT92, Sac00, Wil84] Our goal in this paper is to present a modeling methodology for information personalization. Personalization constitutes the mechanisms and technologies required to customize information access to the end user. It can be defined as the automatic adjustment of information content, structure, ....

....the user has performed the functional equivalent of clicking on the 2001 hyperlink. 8 2. The effectiveness of PIPE depends on what is modeled (and how) The effectiveness of a PIPE implementation depends on the the particular modeling choices made within the programmatic representation (akin to [Wil84] We cannot overemphasize this aspect the example in Fig. 5 can be made more personalized by conducting a more sophisticated modeling of the underlying domain. For instance, information such as vehicle VIN numbers, history of ownership, mileage on the vehicle, and photos of the car can be ....

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M.D. Williams. What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol. 21:pages 333--352, 1984.

....for people to retrieve information in many applications, including systems for locating software components and for exploring the World Wide Web. However, these conventional retrieval techniques do not scale up to large information stores. More innovative schemes, such as query by reformulation [18] and latent semantic analysis [10] have introduced new possibilities. Unfortunately, the problem remains that users simply will not actively search for information when they are unaware that they need the information or that relevant information even exists. Thus, to assist users in making full ....

....direct representation is the program code it is partial and biased. Second, doc comments do not always reflect what software developers want to do. Similarly, descriptions of components in the repository are not complete and precise enough, either. CodeBroker supports retrieval by reformulation [18] to complement the impreciseness of task models. Retrieval by reformulation is a dynamic, interactive information location approach that allows users to develop their queries incrementally [18] After evaluating the delivered components, software developers can either refine the query or directly ....

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M. Williams. What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 21:333--352, 1984.

....and can be expanded, visualized, and manipulated. Thus, with this generalization, the query previews become a stronger candidate for accessing public online data. 2. RELATED WORK Many researchers have tried to devise methods for more successful visual querying. The Rabbit system, by Williams [16] and the work of Heppe, Edmondson, and Spence [9] were early demonstrations of the benefits of progressive visual querying. Other systems showed relevance of results: for example Veerasamy and Navathe [15] used histograms, and Hearst [7] used TileBars to visually present relevance of results to ....

Williams, M., What Makes RABBIT Run, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 21, 4, 1984, pp. 333-352.

.... EES project [Neches, Swartout, and Moore, 1985] The use of machinegenerated explanations as an input medium for acquiring operational knowledge is inspired by work in automated knowledge acquisition [Bareiss, 1989; Gruber, 1989a] and human computer interaction [Yen, Neches, and DeBellis, 1988; Williams, 1984]. The general idea of design knowledge capture by explanation was independently proposed by Bill Mark [Kellog, et al. 1989; Mark, 1988] 20 For Further Reading This was not intended as a survey article, although the ideas touch on several large areas of research. For a good introduction to ....

Williams, M. (1984). What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-machine Studies , 21:333-352.

....designed for the expressed purpose of explanation. The use of machine generated explanations as an input medium for acquiring operational knowledge is inspired by work in automated knowledge acquisition [Bareiss, 1989; Gruber, 1989] and human computer interaction [Yen, Neches, and DeBellis, 1988; Williams, 1984]. The general idea of design knowledge capture by explanation was independently proposed by [Mark, 1988] see also Kellog, et al. 1989) Acknowledgements This work is a collaborative effort of the How Things Work project, with contributions from Yumi Iwasaki, Bob Engelmore, Chee Meng Low, Pandu ....

Williams, M. (1984). What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-machine Studies , 21:333-352.

....its queries. In some approaches, the user may customize the browsing system [29, 14] or enter into a dialogue with the system in order to select better operators[5] In other approaches, the user may refine the query, as in relevance feedback systems [22, 23] or query reformulation systems [16, 13, 25, 34, 40]. Imposing structure on the library [35, 42] can also improve browsing speed and reliability. Our approach to improving browsing systems is complementary to the preceding ones. We aim to add an active component to the browsing system, so that in addition to passively supporting user directed ....

M. D. Williams. What Makes RABBIT Run ? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies vol 21 1984 pp 333--352 (1984)

....the user s requirements. Any match on the query is therefore unlikely to be exactly what is wanted. One way to address these problems is to turn the search into an iterative process. Two popular versions of this approach are query reformulation and relevance feedback. In the 3 former, [17, 15, 27, 38, 45] a query returns an initial set of items. The user can then modify the query using information from one of these items. In response to the new query another set of items is returned and the process repeated. In relevance feedback the user critiques the items returned by the query [24, 25] The ....

M. D. Williams. (1984) What Makes RABBIT Run ? International Journal of ManMachine Studies Vol. 21 1984 pp 333--352

....of feedback in assisting the user has long been recognized as a fundamental principle in the design of good interfaces. Different approaches have been proposed in the context of information retrieval, such as relevance feedback (Salton, Fox Voorhees, 1985) showing relevant examples (Oddy, 1977; Williams, 1984) or the frequency of the index terms in the retrieved documents (Ingwerson Wormell, 1986) for query reformulation. In our approach the lattice shows all 11 12 98 11 minimal refinements which are pertinent for the query in a particular database with respect to conjunctive queries. It is ....

Williams, M. D. (1984). What Makes RABBIT Run. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 21, 333-352.

....from this task. Some users find it difficult to express their information requirements. However, people are very good at, and like, commenting on information shown to them it is easier to comment on, or critique, something than to ask for it in the first place. For example, the RABBIT IR system [10] presents the user with a query and allows them to modify it by telling RABBIT what is wrong with it. Caldwell and Johnson [11] describe the critiquing of photofits of a criminal s face to search for a match. A feedback driven IR system would be able to utilise the user s ability to critique. ....

Michael D. Williams. What makes rabbit run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 21:333--352, 1984.

....approximated the progressive refinement approach integral to the graphical query interface. In itself, query by progressive refinement appears to be a powerful technique for improving performance in formulating queries, whatever the style of interface used (Oddy, 1977; Welty and Stemple, 1981; Williams, 1984). Since it could not be eliminated from the graphical interface, it was in effect added to the text interface to avoid having the effects of this feature swamp the effects of interface style, which was of greater interest in this study. The response time was measured from presentation of the ....

Williams, M., What makes RABBIT run?, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 21, pp. 333-352, 1984.

....based on the volume preview of the number of the available restaurants. However, query previews were not exploited to support dynamic queries and querying in networked information systems. Retrieval by reformulation is a method that supports incremental query formation by building on query results [16]. Each time a user specifies a query, the system responds with query reformulation cues that give users an indication of how the repository is structured and what terms are used to index objects. Users can then incrementally improve a query by critiquing the results of previous queries. Rabbit ....

....[16] Each time a user specifies a query, the system responds with query reformulation cues that give users an indication of how the repository is structured and what terms are used to index objects. Users can then incrementally improve a query by critiquing the results of previous queries. Rabbit [16] and Helgon [17] are examples of retrieval systems based on the retrieval by reformulation paradigm, which is also the basis of the two phase query formulation approach. Harvest [18] was designed and implemented to solve problems common to Internet users. It provides an integrated set of ....

Williams, M.D.,What makes RABBIT run?, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21, 1984, pages 333-335.

....are in ordinal data. Such overviews, the ability to explore, and the capacity to rapidly specify known item queries makes dynamic queries an appealing approach for certain problems. The advantages of rapid reformulation of queries was hinted at in the early work on textual interfaces in Rabbit (Williams, 1984). The advantages of visual input and output was explored in some statistical display programs (Buja, McDonald, Michalak, Stuetzle, 1991) Dynamic queries achieve these advantages by applying direct manipulation strategies (Shneiderman 1992) Visual presentation of query components Visual ....

Williams, M., 1984. What make RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21, 333-352.

....designers so that designers can control all aspects of an interface design. Example interfaces are editable views of the model. HUMANOID capitalizes on the idea that people understand problems better when they can interact both with a symbolic representation and with illustrative examples of it [15]. So, HUMANOID shows designers views of the model (symbolic representation) and interfaces generated from the model (examples) Designers can refine the model by editing the example interfaces produced from the model. All views of the design are linked together to help designers understand and ....

M. D. Williams. What Makes RABBIT Run? Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, 21, 1984, pp. 333-352.

....might have been found in the visualization or by initially specifying a strict set of criteria leaving one or a few objects selected. This approach has the advantage of not overloading users with a large abstract set of complex data. Instead they can apply their knowledge of one specific element [26]. IVEE allows for this approach to searching through the details on demand popup window. Users can click with the left mouse button on any of the boldface texts in the window, and thereby setting the value of the appropriate query device to the marked value. 6 Multiple databases The initial ....

....Memorandum. 24] Thom e, S. Allwood, C M. 1995) Usability and database search at employment agencies, forthcoming SSKKII Technical Report, G teborg University, Sweden. 25] Tufte, E. 1983) The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Graphics Press, Cheshire, Connecticut, pages 197. [26] Williams, M. 1984) What makes RABBIT run International Journal of Man Machine Studies 21, pages 333 352. 27] Williamson, C. Shneiderman, B. 1992) The Dynamic HomeFinder: Evaluating dynamic queries in a real estate information exploration system, Proceedings ACM SIGIR 92 Conference, ....

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Williams, M. (1984), What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21, pages 333-352.

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Williams, M. D. (1984). What makes RABBIT run? In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21, 1984, pp. 333-352. 151

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M. D. Williams. What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol. 21:pages 333--352, 1984.

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Williams, M. D. (1984). What makes RABBIT run? In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21, 1984, pp. 333-352. 151

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Wil84 M. D. Williams. What makes RABBIT run? In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21, 1984, pages 333-335.

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Williams, M. (1984). What makes RABBIT run? International Journal on Man-Machine Studies 21, pages 333--352.

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Williams, M. D. What makes RABBIT run? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 1984, 21, 333-352.

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Williams, M., 1984. What make RABBIT run? Int'l Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21, 333-352.

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