Robertson, G., Card, S., and Mackinlay, J. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proc. UIST'89, pp. 10-18.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....and support a rapid method of modification. Simulation process attachment. The importance of maintaining a high animation frame rate is widely accepted. The most common technique used to maintain frame rate is asynchronous simulation and animation processes as described by Robertson, et al. [3]. However, this is not a trivial implementation. Ideally, we would like to provide a mechanism by which heavy computation processes such as a fluid dynamics simulation can be executed on a separate process without sacrificing communication with the animation process which controls the interface. ....

Robertson, G.G., S.K. Card, and J.D. Mackinlay. The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces. in User Interface Software and Technology '89. 1989. ACM Press.

....can be a problem for large hierarchies on standard hardware. We achieve quick redisplay by compromising on display quality during motion. These compromises provide options for use in a system that automatically adjusts rendering quality during animation, e.g. the Information Visualizer governor [10] or Pacers [17] Fortunately, there are compromises that don t significantly affect the sense of motion. Figure 9 shows an animation sequence with the compromises active in the intermediate frames. Unless specifically looked for, the compromises typically go unnoticed during motion. One ....

G. G. Robertson, S. K. Card, and J. D. Mackinlay. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACMSIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 10--18. ACM Press, Nov 1989.

.... Xerox Parc s Information Visualizer, built using the Cognitive Coprocessor architecture, takes advantage of the greater possibilities of 3D with novel means of information presentation, such as the cone tree and the perspective wall, demonstrating the potential of 3D interfaces [29] 8][28][23] MR [34] and Bolio [41] are general purpose packages for building interactive 3D systems using multiple input output devices. MR concentrates on the integration of devices while Bolio focuses on the construction of event driven simulation systems. The object oriented graphical toolkits UGA ....

Robertson GG, Card KS, Mackinlay JD (1989), The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces. Proc. UIST: 10-18.

....application, but can use methods they are already familiar with. 5 Visualizing System State Finally, we have been exploring the presentation of system health information through visualization tools. Visualization enables the movement of activity from the cognitive system to the perceptual system [11], making patterns and correlations in the blackboard data directly perceptible. Visualization through animation of system data [12] directly supports our intuition that patterns of significance to the user occur all the time, not only in the face of failure. Since we assert that systems health ....

Robertson, G., Card, S., and Mackinlay, J.: The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces. Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH Symp. on User Interface Software and Tech (1989) 10-18

....learn to ignore the disruption, but some of its effect remains. The overall impression is of an abrupt, hard edged interaction that is jarring and tiring. Animation can help smooth these rough edges by more gradually changing the screen s appearance from the old state to the new. Researchers [23, 55] have shown that a smooth change, even if it occurs rapidly, shifts the user s interpretation of the change to the perception system, allowing the cognitive system to stay focused on the task at hand. The overall effect is that the interface seems smoother and more pleasant to use. Traditional ....

....manipulate, and understand large quantities of information. The Information Visualiser uses large workspaces, agents, real time interaction, and visual abstraction to improve the access to large information spaces. The large workspace is delivered to the user in the form of virtual workspaces [16, 29, 55] and denser visual information spaces. The virtual workspaces take the form of virtual desktops or rooms, that allow the user to organise their individual electronic work environment to suit their tasks. This concept has been embedded in many workstation window managers, for example tvtwm Tom s ....

George G. Robertson, Stuart K. Card, and Jock D. Mackinlay. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 3D/Gesture, pages 10--18, November 1989.

....the PIP [Szalavri Gervautz, 1997] used in our system also falls into that category as a container for 2D as well as 3D user interface elements. A few researcher have dealt with the problem of spatially arranging and managing data from different contexts. The cognitive coprocessor architecture [Robertson et al. 1989] uses so called 3D Rooms to provide multiple virtual Workspaces for a user. Feiner Beshers, 1990] describes a system of nested volumes for the visualization of highdimensional data. The most directly related approach to ours is the CRYSTAL system [Tsao Lumsden, 1997] that allows a user to ....

G. Robertson, S. Card, and J. Mackinlay. The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces. Procedings of ACM CHI'89, pages 10-18, 1989.

....[8] whenever it is semantically reasonable to do so. Programmers can still specify an explicit duration (including zero duration) if so desired. This is not just a flashy trick but is a critically important design decision. Not only does animation support the percept of object constancy [17], but it can also aid in the debugging process by providing information about how a bug unfolded. In a system without animation, a user can easily make the mistake of using the Move command with a distance that takes the object off the screen. An instantaneous move effectively teleports the ....

Robertson, G. G., Card, S. K., and Mackinlay, J. D. The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture For Interactive User Interfaces. ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 1989, pp. 10-18.

....specified as a set of time dependent constraints. Thus, the need for communication between simulator and viewer is less than that of a static scene description, since no communications are needed while the constraints on the viewer s side remain valid. The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture [Robertson89], and later the TBAG [Elliot94] and VB2 [Gobbetti93] systems, introduced the idea of making time dependent functions part of the description of graphical primitives in a 3D software architecture in order to declaratively describe simple animated and interactive behaviors. Metis exploits this ....

Robertson GGm Mackinlay JD, Card SK (1989) The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces. Proc. UIST: 10-18.

....polygons. The Silicon Graphics Iris machines have proved popular machines on which to create virtual environments, due in no small part to the systems provided by VPL [BBH 90] The major problems to overcome when designing a system are the Multiple Agent Problem and the Animation Problem [RCM89] The multiple agent problem occurs when the various application and input output device agents, which will have different time constraints, are competing for processor time. A good example of this problem is given by systems that use a Dataglove for input. One way of getting data from the glove ....

G.G. Robertson, S.K. Card, and J.D. Mackinlay. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proceedings UIST'89, pages 10--18, 1989.

....can also be viewed as an object. New DataGlove gestures trigger gesturedependent constraints which then produce the reaction to the user s activity. Card, Mackinlay and Robertson at Xerox have produced an architectural model for VR user interfaces called the Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture [Robertson 1989]. The purpose of the Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture is to support multiple, asynchronous, interactive agents and smooth animation. It is based on a three agent model of an interactive system. These agents are: the user, the user discourse machine and the task machine. The basic control ....

G. G. Robertson, S. K. Card, and J. D. Mackinlay, The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interface, UIST'89 Proceedings, pp. 10--18, 1989.

.... Xerox Parc s Information Visualizer, built using the Cognitive Coprocessor architecture, takes advantage of the greater possibilities of 3D with novel means of information presentation, such as the cone tree and the perspective wall, demonstrating the potential of 3D interfaces [29] 8][28][23] MR [34] and Bolio [41] are general purpose packages for building interactive 3D systems using multiple input output devices. MR concentrates on the integration of devices while Bolio focuses on the construction of event driven simulation systems. The object oriented graphical toolkits UGA ....

Robertson GG, Card KS, Mackinlay JD (1989), The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces. Proc. UIST: 10-18.

....of this system is that the simulation is single threaded, meaning that the visual update rate depends upon how fast the constraint satisfier runs. Card, Mackinlay and Robertson at Xerox produced an architectural model for VR user interfaces called the Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture [18]. The purpose of this architecture is to support multiple, asynchronous, interactive agents and smooth animation. It is based on Sheridan s Three Agent Model of supervisory control and interactive systems [21] These agents are: the User, the User Discourse Machine and the Task Machine, or ....

....application will not be a success since the user won t tolerate the application s performance for very long. 1. VR applications must generate smoothly animated stereoscopic images for HMDs to maintain the key VR illusion of immersion the sense that the user is really there . To appear smooth [1, 18], the visual update rate must exceed 10 updates per second, based on Card, Moran and Newell s Middleman perceptual performance metric [6] The application structure must provide a high visual update rate, independent, if possible, of the application update rate, since the application could take ....

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George G. Robertson, Stuart K. Card, and Jock D. Mackinlay. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interface. UIST 1989 Proceedings, pages 10--18, November 13-15 1989.

....about application objects. Although this definition is somewhat vague and general, it has the advantage of covering all the areas of the interface literature we have explored, from general constructs such as Garnet s Interaction Objects [16] and the Interactive Objects of Xerox s 3D Rooms [21] to very specific kinds of widgets such as those found in the X Toolkit or the Macintosh Toolkit. The extent to which a 2D widget should be classified as consisting of behavior or of geometry varies widely. Some useful widgets are primarily geometric, such as the dividing lines and frames that ....

George G. Robertson, Stuart K. Card, and Jock D. Mackinlay. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 10--18, 1989.

....A. 1988) PICASSO: A Graphical Query Language, Software Practice and Experience, Vol 18(3) 169 203. 16] Mackinlay, J. Robertson, G. Card, S. 1991) The Perspective Wall: Detail and Context Smoothly Integrated, Proceedings of ACM CHI 91: Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 173 179. [17] Robertson, G. Card, S. Mackinlay, J. 1989) The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces, Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 89, pages 10 18. 18] Robertson, G. Mackinlay, J. Card, S. 1991) Cone Trees: Animated 3D ....

Robertson, G., Card, S., Mackinlay, J. (1989), The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces, Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology'89, pages 10-18.

....framework and a comparative critique of the retrieval centered paradigm. INFOGRID DESIGN In previous work, we have based our system design on the Triple Agent Model in which the system is thought of as three interacting agents: the User, a Di alogue Machine, and a Task Machine [22, 3, 17, 2] The InfoGrid design extends this model by adding a STORE Figure 1: The InfoGrid extends the Triple Agent Model by adding a Data Store to the system containing User, Dialog Machine and Task Machine Agents. The InfoGrid Object Oriented Application Framework resides on the Dialog Machine ....

.... This problem is further exacerbated in situations where network delays or other uncertainties can quickly make sloppy feedback frustrating (e.g. in the distributed document database application) This very problem was one of the original motiva tions for the Cognitive Coprocessor architecture [17] a key element of the Information Visualizer system [2] The Cognitive Coprocessor provides a tightly governed animation loop that ensures a responsive user interface that does justice to the time constants of the user s perceptual and cognitive systems on the one hand, and of the various ....

G. G. Robertson, S. K. Card, and J. D. Mackinlay. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 10-18. ACM Press, Nov 1989.

....of Reference and Clustering are addressed by using Pooms to make the Immediate Storage larger by having multiple desktops. The effect of 3D Rooms (and the associated Cognitive Coprocessor architecture) is to make the Immediate Storage not only larger, but also denser. 2) The Cognitive Coprocessor [5], an animation oriented user interface architecture. This com ponent increases the rate of user system interaction and information transfer to improve interaction costs. Two time constants are particularly important. The first is the perceptual processing time constant, which is around 0.1 sec ....

Pobertson, G. G., Card, S. K., and Mackinlay, J. D. The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces. In Proceedings of ACM UIST89, (Williamsburg, Virginia), 10-18.

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Robertson, G., Card, S., and Mackinlay, J. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proc. UIST'89, pp. 10-18.

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G. G. Robertson, S. K. Card, and J. D. Mackinlay. The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces. ACM, pages 10--18, 1989.

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Robertson, G., Card, S., and Mackinlay, J. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proc. UIST'89, pp. 10-18.

No context found.

Robertson, G.G., Card, S.K., and Mackinlay, J.D. The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technology `89 (UIST `89), pp. 10-18, ACM Press, 1989.

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G.G. Robertson, S. K. Card, and J. D. Macinlay, The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interface, UIST '89 Proceedings, pages 10-18, 1989.

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