Chierchia, G, and McConnell-Ginet, S. 2001. Meaning and grammar: An introduction to semantics, MIT Press.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....mechanisms [43] in a co evolution with language [47] The theoretical model for meaning creation will be discussed in the next chapter. 22 4. PERCEPTUAL GROUNDED MEANING CREATION 4. 1 Introduction In the linguistic literature, approaches to meaning are classified in three different groups [6]: 1) A referential or denotational view. This viewpoint approaches meaning from the outside of an agent (usually human beings) and it concentrates on the informational significance of language. 2) There is a psychological or mentalistic approach. Theories for this approach look at the ....

Chierchia, G. and S. McConnell-Ginet (1990) Meaning and grammar: an introduction to semantics. The MIT Press.

....Derek Gross, Graham Katz, Janet Hitzeman, Paul King, Peter Lasersohn, Sven Lorenz, Sally McConnell Ginet, Massimo Poesio, Carl Pollard, Susanne Riehemann, Dave Traum, and Lenhart Schubert for their help with this document and for many useful discussions. 1 This combination was suggested in [Chierchia McConnell Ginet, 1990]. 2 I will use the aspectual classification of verbs of [Vendler, 1967] 3 A verb must be telic to have re form. However, being telic is not sufficient. Slap is an example of a telic verb that does not have a re form (i.e. Mary reslapped John) Another example is put: John reput the book on ....

Chierchia, G. and McConnell-Ginet, S., Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics, MIT Press, 1990.

....Kempson, Manfred Krifka, Thomas Lee, Stephen Matthews, Dingxu Shi, Liejiong Xu and an anonymous reviewer for many helpful comments on previous versions of this paper. 1 For a general introduction to the logical and semantic underpinnings related to the technical terms used here, cf. Cann (1993) Chierchia McConnell Ginet (1990), Dowty et al. 1981) Jiang Pan (fcmng) and Zou (1995) 2 cf. The definition of the generic NP in 1.3. 3 See Ungerer Schmid (1996: Chapter Four) for an introduction to the notions of figure and ground and their applications and extensions in linguistics. 4 cf. Sperber Wilson ....

Chierchia, G. and S. McConnell-Ginet. 1990. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics. MIT Press.

....one ends up predicting that the meaning of (12c) should be something like (12d) the strongest interpretation of the sentence. In other words, one either has to give up compositionality for sentences like (12b) or to abandon the strategy of letting sentences denote their weakest interpretation (Chierchia and McConnell Ginet 1990). 12) a. Every kid climbed a tree. b. 8 x kid(x) oe (9 y tree(y) climb(x,y) c. It is not the case that every kid climbed a tree. d. 8 x kid(x) oe (9 y tree(y) climb(x,y) It should also be clear that whatever the case for scopal ambiguity, other kinds of ambiguity, such as structural ....

Chierchia, G., and S. McConnell-Ginet. 1990. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

....syntax, semantics, and pragmatics in speech understanding (Morris, 1938) Our speech understanding component is an adaptation of the EVAR system described in (Mast et al. 1994) which uses this distinction in its architecture. As pragmatics is a high level domain specific speech interpretation (Chierchia McConnel Ginet, 1990) in our system it is contained in the representation of the construction dialog level, a level on which only qualitative representations of knowledge are used, integrating the knowledge for speech and image understanding and the information obtained from speech and image understanding. The ....

Chierchia, G. & McConnel-Ginet, S. (1990). Meaning and Grammar -- An Introduction to Semantics.

....a partial representation of context for semantic interoperability in multidatabase systems. This is important in order to have automatic ways of comparing and manipulating contexts. There have been attempts to represent similarity between two objects in databases [LNE89, SSR92] linguistics [CMG90], text retrieval [VD92] and clustering [ML92] We have abstracted out the commonality in these approaches in our proposed representation of context as a collection of contextual coordinates and their values. Context is modeled as an intensional description of object classes and as a collection of ....

....ffl In [SSR92] context is defined as the meaning, content, organization and properties of data and is modeled using metadata associated with the data. ffl In [YSDK91] common concepts are proposed to characterize similarities between attributes in multiple databases. Cherchia and McConnell Ginet [CMG90] propose that a concept may be considered to be the image of a function mapping contexts to propositions. Thus a context may be implicitly represented in the functional definitions of the concepts. 4 We shall refer to these contexts as definition contexts of the respective objects later on in ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

G. Chierchia and S. McConnell-Ginet. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics, chapter 6. MIT Press Cambridge MA, 1990.

....is closer to sad than it is to not happy. 8 More specifically, a meaning postulate is an expression in the base logic that must be true in all models to which expressions in that logic can be mapped. I will discuss meaning postulates at length in section 3. 9 This method is suggested by Chierchia McConnell Ginet [1990]. characteristics of this verbal prefix. This discussion exemplifies the type of semantic research that must be performed for all word formation processes for the goal of this research program to be successful. Finally, I summarize my approach and discuss the contributions I hope to make. 2 ....

....0 (y; P [Pfxg] Notice that the translation does not create a new atomic symbol in the logic but instead proposes a complex combination of old symbols as the translation and thus is decompositional. It can be roughly glossed as if x is ffable then there exists something that can ff it. Chierchia McConnell Ginet [1990] propose that instead of providing a complex semantic expression as the lexical translation of a new lexical item, a new semantic atom should be created and assigned as its semantics. This new atom can then be constrained by meaning postulates created by the lexical rule. For example, in ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet, Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction To Semantics, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1990.

.... strategy presupposes the existence of two distinct levels of interpretation: a level at which semantic generalizations are stated (the linguistic meaning) and a level at which the intentions of the speaker are spelled out, called speaker s meaning by Grice ( 1957; 1989, chap.14) quoted in (Chierchia and McConnell Ginet 1990)) The task of 7 For Simple Episodic Logic with Defaults. The reason for this name will become clear in x5. 8 The reader should be aware that while the notation and terminology I have adopted are borrowed from Situation Theory, parameters have a different semantic interpretation there ....

.... 11 29.5 U: pick up the boxcar (9) imper ( x (the y [ S j= boxcar(y) shared(spkr,hearer, S) pickup(y) x) Imperative utterances are translated as tenseless VPs (denoting predicates over individuals) in the scope of a imper operator expressing the sentential force of the sentence (Chierchia and McConnell Ginet 1990, p.164) The difficult problem of specifying truth conditions for all types of utterances is side stepped by assuming that the truth conditions of an imperative sentence such as 29.5 can be captured by means of the imper operator. Analogous operators for questions (ques) and declarative ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Chierchia, G., and S. McConnell-Ginet. 1990. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics. The MIT Press.

....have been attempts to use an attribute value based representation for capturing similarities in various areas of research. Larson et al. [LNE89] use a set of fixed descriptors to capture similarities between attributes. Sciore et al. [SSR92] use meta attributes to represent context. In linguistics [CMG90], context has been represented using a set of context coordinates subject to certain conditions. Similar attempts have also been made for documents in text retrieval (using thematic roles) VD92] and for clustering similar objects (using code words) in [ML92] We have abstracted out the ....

G. Chierchia and S. McConnell-Ginet. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics, chapter 6. MIT Press Cambridge MA, 1990.

....between the two objects being compared. Attempts have been made to represent context in diverse areas of research, such as linguistics, text retrieval and multidatabases. In the area of multidatabases an attempt has been made to represent context based on semantic values [SSR92] In linguistics [CMG90] criteria for selection of contextual coordinates to represent context are suggested. We consider these approaches as a variant of the basic approach where context is represented as a collection of meta attributes. The concepts of thematic roles [VD92] and code words [ML92] in the area of ....

G. Chierchia and S. McConnell-Ginet. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics, chapter 6. MIT Press Cambridge MA, 1990.

....3.3 A partial representation of Context Attempts have been made to represent context in diverse areas of research, such as linguistics, text retrieval and multidatabases. In the area of multidatabases an attempt has been made to represent context based on semantic values [16] In linguistics [5], criteria for selection of contextual coordinates to represent context are suggested. We consider these approaches as a variant of the basic approach where context is represented as a collection of meta attributes. The concepts of thematic roles [22] and code words [15] in the area of ....

G. Chierchia and S. McConnell-Ginet. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics, chapter 6. MIT Press Cambridge MA, 1990.

....and, ultimately, words. So we need a database of word meanings and a set of functions to combine word and phrase meanings. These functions can be specified declaratively and applied with a handful of meta operators. The lambda calculus is commonly used for representing semantic functions and data (Chierchia McConnellGinet 1990). A flexible implementation popular in computational circles is via graphs and graph unification. Moore 1989) gives descriptions of these notational systems. We will assume that word meanings and combination functions are all represented as labeled, directed acyclic graphs. We also assume that a ....

Chierchia, G., and McConnell-Ginet, S. 1990. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics.

....resource situation of each definite. 4 THE STRUCTURE OF THE COMMON GROUND The information used to interpret definite descriptions is part of what Stalnaker [1979] and Heim [1982] called common ground, which is . the participants mutually developed public view of what they are talking about ([Chierchia and McConnell Ginet, 1990] , p. 166) In our conversations, this information includes: 1. Facts about the world, which, in this case, means information obtained from the map. 2. Generic information about the task. 3. What has been said (the discourse history ) 4. The current status of the plan. According to Grosz and ....

.... I assume here a roughly Gricean strategy, with two distinct levels of interpretation: a level at which semantic generalizations are stated (the linguistic meaning) and a level at which the intentions of the speaker are spelled out, called speaker s meaning by Grice ( 1957] quoted in [Chierchia and McConnell Ginet, 1990] ) In the system I have developed, as in the work of Hwang and Schubert [1993] the separation between linguistic and pragmatic aspects of definite phrases interpretation is implemented by associating two distinct translations to each utterance. The first translation represents the utterance ....

Chierchia, G. and McConnell-Ginet, S. 1990. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics. The MIT Press.

No context found.

Chierchia, G, and McConnell-Ginet, S. 2001. Meaning and grammar: An introduction to semantics, MIT Press.

No context found.

Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet. Meaning and Grammar - an Introduction to Semantics (second edition). The MIT Press, 2000.

No context found.

Chierchia, G. and S. McConnell-Ginet, Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (1990).

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC