Steven R Newcomb, Neill A Kipp and Victoria T Newcomb, "`HyTime' the Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language", Communications of the ACM, November 1991, 34 (11) 67 - 83  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   ACM   TOC   Related Articles   Check

....the separation of structural information from presentation information, and the specification of context. While the Amsterdam model make additions to the Dexter model one of the goals is to introduce the required functionality while limiting the changes as much as possible. The HyTime standard [Newcomb et al. 91] provides a means of expressing hypermedia information in a standard language, however, it does not specify what information is required for describing hypermedia. The Amsterdam hypermedia model gives a high level description of the structures needed for hypermedia, which, once created, can be ....

Steven R Newcomb, Neill A Kipp and Victoria T Newcomb, "`HyTime' the Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language", Communications of the ACM, November 1991, 34 (11) 67 - 83

....Quick CMIFed: A Presentation Environment for Portable Hypermedia Documents 10 Time [Apple Computer Inc. 91] is now also available under Microsoft Windows) they were never designed to support distributed systems. A relevant international standard has just appeared: HyTime [ISO 92] see also [Newcomb et al. 91] HyTime by itself does not specify a model, but supplies the syntax to describe different models, since it is intended to be used for a much wider range of applications. This generic language is powerful enough that a specific instance of it (a HyTime DTD ) could conceivably replace the current ....

Steven R. Newcomb, Neill A. Kipp and Victoria T. Newcomb, "`HyTime' the Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language", Communications of the ACM, November 1991, 34 (11) 67 - 83.

....pattern found in programming languages, or in the form of the trail, a sequence of links followed in turn. In the former case, the aggregation can simply be a matter of recommended style [12] perhaps using HTML s list as an existing data aggregation mechanism; alternatively in HyTime [15] and the seminal Intermedia hypermedia system [18] aggregations of links ( fat , one tomany links) are a built in feature. In the latter case, the trail is provided by the author to guide the end user through a predetermined sequence of pages, designed to give the end user an understanding of a ....

Newcomb, S.R., Kipp, N.A. and Newcomb, V.T., "The HyTime hypermedia/time-based document structuring language", Comm. ACM, 34(11), pp. 67-83, 1991.

....links generate hyperconnectivities that are equal up to a translation, we can say that they contribute to the same expressiveness, and henceforth the same hypertext class. Let us note that Proposition 2.2 holds for hypertext machines such as described in Figure 1. SGML [22] and Hytime [26] further introduce two ideas. First, tokens may be interpreted, whereas in our approach they are constant. Second, a presentation layer may also process tokens. Therefore, in the latter systems, retrieving a document may have a different semantics from retrieving the same document at a given ....

....a bidirectional link as a single entity, which can be traversed, created, edited, deleted by appropriate actions; it is the role of a hypertext system to map the semantic definition into this single physical reality. Other kinds of links can also be considered. For example, systems such as Hytime [26] or XLink [27] support n ary links , which involve n 2 anchors [28] 3. EMBEDDED LINKS AND SEPARATE LINKS The hypertext machine in Section 2 uses a notion of point to point link, which we also call simple link . So far, we have considered that links are stored in linkbases, which are entities ....

Steven R. Newcomb, Neill A. Kipp, and Victoria T. Newcomb, (1991). HyTime: the Hypermedia/Timebased Document Structuring Language. Communications of the ACM, 34(11):67--83.

....with particular reference to hypertext interchange from Microcosm (an open hypertext system) It then goes on to explore several alternatives to HyTime and compare their relative strengths and weaknesses. 1 INTRODUCTION The aim of the Hypermedia Time based Structuring Language, or HyTime [1,2]isto preserve information about the scheduling and interconnection of related components of a hypermedia document (e.g. audio, music score and libretto in a CD ROM version of an opera) that would otherwise be embedded inside application specific scripts . It grew out of the work of the ANSI ....

S. Newcomb, N. Kipp and V. Newcomb, `The hytime hypermedia/time-based document structuring language', Communications of the ACM, 34(11), 67--83, (November 1991).

....temporal issues within multimedia documents. The catalog from the previous chapter will be used as a guideline along which the HyTime constructs and principles necessary for the specification will be introduced. There are two articles which give an overall introduction into the basics of HyTime [15,16]. This paper covers only a certain area of HyTime, but presents that in more detail including excerpts from HyTime encoded specifications. HyTime is an SGML [17] application. Thus, a HyTime document is syntactically an SGML document. This paper does not give an introduction into SGML. However, ....

S.R. Newcomb, N.A. Kipp, and V.T. Newcomb, `The HyTime Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language', Communications of the ACM, 34(11), 67--83, (November 1991).

....has the value tree as its name, and the reference figref refers to this figure by specifying the same value for its attribute. References in SGML are limited, in that they can only refer to objects in the current document, and may only refer to entire objects that have an ID attribute. HyTime [14], an ISO IEC international standard built on SGML, among other things defines an extension of SGML that allows references to objects in other documents or to part of an object, thus facilitating hypermedia. 3 CONTENTS Following the top down approach of the previous section on logical structure, ....

.... in particular audio, temporal relations and hypermedia (see also the GRANULARITY IN STRUCTURED DOCUMENTS 153 article of Bormann and Bormann in [6] SGML defines only one content type, and allows several ways to use it in order to support other content types (see for example the HyTime extensions [14]) In general, the support for content types is extensive for text, capable of improvement for mathematical formulae, tables and pictures, and under development for chemical formulae, music, etc. The approaches currently used are suitable for some content types but do not extend to others. All ....

S.R. Newcomb, N.A. Kipp, and V.T. Newcomb, `The "HyTime" hypermedia/time-based document structuring language', Communications of the ACM, 34(11), 67--83, (November 1991).

....of the HyperPress application. Our work is currently concentrating on the integration of diverse applications into the environment and the development of corresponding document templates. Furthermore, we want to investigate the integration of hypermedia document exchange formats, such as HyTime [16], as the storage formats for documents. Through this process, we expect some further refinement of the architecture as well as the discovery of its flaws and limitations. ....

Steven Newcomb, Neill Kipp and Victoria Newcomb, `The HyTime Hypermedia/Time--based document structuring language', Communications of the ACM,34(11), 67--83, (November1991).

....number of conceptual models have been developed for capturing the temporal aspects of multimedia data. They can be roughly classified into three categories, namely: graph based models (e.g. object composition petri nets [LG90] and presentation graphs [NTB96] language based models (e.g. HyTime [NKN91] and MHEG [Pri93] and temporal abstraction models (e.g. temporal intervals and relations [All83, LG93] Candan et al. present a method based on linear difference constraints for defining flexible inter media synchronization requirements and show how these constraints can be solved and or ....

Steven R. Newcomb, Neill A. Kipp, and Victoria T. Newcomb. "The HyTime Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language". Communications of the ACM, 34(11), November 1991.

....into the Common Lisp Object System. Within this context, it is interesting to note that most of the experiments in the second tendency use objectoriented techniques. In the Hypermedia community we encounter proponents of both tendencies as well. Within the interoperability tendency we find HyTime [NE KI NE 91], MHEG [CCIT 92] information exchange standards) Proxhy [KA LE 91] Multicard [RI SA 92] MicroCOSM [DAVal 92] extensible architectures providing inter application hypertext services) In the extensibility tendency we encounter De Bra et al. DE HO KO 92] Hydesign [MA SC 92] and Dexter ....

Newcomb, S. R. / Kipp, N. A. / Newcomb, V. T. "Hytime: Hypermedia / Time-based Document Structuring Language"; Communications of the ACM, Vol. 34(11), November '91

.... from a variety of data models for modeling multimedia content, e.g. proprietary formats 2 given by commercial products, or standards like HTML, MHEG (ISO IEC, 1997; ISO IEC, 1996; ISO IEC, 1995) SMIL (Hoschka et al. 1998) and document models constructed by applying HyTime (ISO IEC, 1992; Newcomb et al. 1991), SGML (ISO IEC, 1986) or XML (Bray et al. 1998) All of these formats are quite open with regard to the formats of the atomic constituents like MPEG or JPEG they allow to build on. However, the various formats and document models differ significantly in various aspects: support for semantic ....

Newcomb, S., Kipp, N., and Newcomb, V. (1991). HyTime -- The Hypermedia / Time-Based Document Structuring Language. Communications of the ACM, 34(11).

....those of other object containing events within a coordinate system. In HyTime, this placement is referred to as scheduling, even when the placement is not along a timeline. 1 The HyTime standard document does not specify a processing model for conforming documents, but several have been suggested [5, 6]. In an earlier publication we proposed a three layer data processing model [5] see figure 1) In this model the SGML parser parses a document to generate an SGML database layer which represents the document s logical structure in terms of SGML syntax objects. The HyTime engine then accesses ....

Newcomb, Steven R. "The `HyTime' Hypermedia / Timebased Document Structuring Language." Communications of the ACM, December 1991.

....and connections based on their meaning and use. Early dis theorists were seriously concerned with semantic representations. More significantly, the tools and capabilities for such representations are well within reach. They are addressed to a certain extent in such early dis standards as HyTime [8]. But in their zeal and success, early dis implementations like html neglected developments in this direction, compromising long term conceptual and architectural integrity for immediate commercial rewards. 3 Proposed Work We propose to develop specific capabilities to construct systems with ....

....Navigational: Standard buttons on web pages such as up, down, next, previous, etc. Publication Information: Such as bibliographic citation, links to authors other works, keyword links, links to similar publications. Typed links are a significant feature of most mathematical hypertext models [8] and are of current interest in knowledge engineering [1, 11] Typed links were specified in early html designs through the LINK tag, but were never implemented. Current standards discussions are aiming to revive this capability for a specific set of link types. Thus typed links are essentially ....

Newcomb, Steven R; Kipp, Neil A; and Newcomb, Victoria T: (1991) "HyTime: Hypermedia/Time-Based Document Structuring Language", Communications of the ACM, v. 34:11, pp. 67-83

....1. CCITT is a European Standards Committee. 60 information, computer supported cooperative work, medical applications and future classes of applications. 2. Hytime HyTime is a SGML based standard for the representation, archival storage, and interchange of multimedia and hypermedia documents [Newcomb91] HyTime adds conventions to the SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879) which allows a variety of constructs, including hyperlinks and rendition instructions, to be expressed in a technology neutral fashion. HyTime is being chosen as a source code representation by those who make ....

Newcomb, Steven R., Kipp, Neill A., and Newcomb, Victoria T., "The HyTime Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language," The Communications of the ACM, Volume 34, Number 11, November 1991, pp. 67-83.

....to be used to implement the Principia Cybernetica conceptual network may include hypermedia, textual markup, electronic publishing, electronic mail, knowledge structures, and computer supported collaborative environments. More specifically, Principia Cybernetica may use the ISO HyTime standard [10, 11] of SGML [12] to represent nodes and links and prepare text for publication; and is now using PRNCYB L, a LISTSERV electronic mailing list and file server to coordinate project participants. These computer based tools are intended to support the process of collaborative theory building by a ....

NEWCOMB S.R., Kipp N.A., and Newcomb V.T.; "HyTime: Hypermedia/Time-Based Document Structuring Language", Comm. ACM, 34:11, 67-83, 1991.

....types of UNIX workstations, because of its platform independent tools. Hypermedia based: The foundation of the system are the currently widespread technologies as for example JAVA, HTML and VRML used, for instance, in WWW browsers as for example Netscape or MS Explorer, and SGML and HyTime [6], 7] By using a WWW browser, a user can log into our server from any location connected to the Internet. Interactive: The educational content of our teaching and learning scenarios is not only static information and multiple choice tests. The user may also start dynamic simulations and other ....

Newcomb, S.R.; Kipp, N.A.; Newcomb, V.: "The HyTime Hypermedia / Time-based Document Structuring Language". In : Comm. of the ACM, Vol. 34 (11), pp. 67-83, Nov. 1991.

....A number of conceptual models have been developed for capturing the temporal aspects of multimedia data. They can be roughly classified into three categories, namely: graph based models (e.g. object composition petri nets [21] and presentation graphs [26] language based models (e.g. HyTime [25] and MHEG [34] and temporal abstraction models (e.g. temporal intervals and relations [2] and timed streams [17] Nevertheless, the efficient mapping of such conceptual constructs to the physical level of a full fledged multimedia DBMS still remains an issue of concern. Query Language ....

Steven R. Newcomb, Neill A. Kipp, and Victoria T. Newcomb. "The HyTime Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language". Communications of the ACM, 34(11), November 1991.

....be to transform a single document to fit the available presentation environment rather than creating separate versions of a document for each environment. We call this an author once approach. One approach to supporting this model is to define a standard intermediate form, such as HyTime [22] [27] or MHEG [23] 26] A player program to interpret execute standard formats on all types of platforms could then be defined. Several research projects currently exist to produce such players, although to date they have been developed in isolation from integrated authoring systems. Another approach ....

S.R. Newcomb, N.A. Kipp and V.T. Newcomb, "HyTime: The Hypermedia/Time-Based Document Structuring Language," Communications of the ACM, 34(11), pp. 67-83, 1991. LNCS-1000 17

....scripting variety, e.g. 12] Even though some of these systems have been ported between common platforms (e.g. Apple s QuickTime [1] is now also available under Microsoft Windows) they were never designed to support distributed systems. A relevant international standard is HyTime [11] see also [13]. HyTime by itself does not specify a model, but supplies the syntax to describe different models, since it is intended to be used for a much wider range of applications. This generic language is power 188 ful enough that a specific instance of it (a HyTime DTD ) could conceivably replace the ....

Steven R. Newcomb, Neill A. Kipp and Victoria T. Newcomb, "`HyTime' the Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language", Communications of the ACM, November 1991, 34 (11) 67-83.

....from the abstract DL concepts in Table 1 to the applicable HyTime constructs. Additionally, we detail the application of the HyTime architecture to the DL problem and indicate a path for its implementation. Readers unfamiliar with SGML and HyTime are encouraged to read overviews [Goldfarb 1991; Newcomb et al. 1991]. 4.1 Digital Library maps to HyTime Grove The HyTime grove construct is a set of SGML entities (SGML documents and other data entities named by SGML documents) The grove is defined as a set of entity declarations in the root document of a HyTime system. Groves are useful for collecting ....

Newcomb, S. R., Kipp, N. A., and Newcomb, V. T. 1991. The HyTime hypermedia/time-based document structuring language. Commun. of the ACM 34, 11 (Nov.), 67--83.

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Steven R. Newcomb, Neill A. Kipp and Victoria T. Newcomb, "`HyTime' the Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language", Communications of the ACM, November 1991, 34 (11) 67-83. The Amsterdam Hypermedia Model: Adding Time, Structure and Context to Hypertext 14

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) Newcomb, S.R., Kipp, N.A., and Newcomb, V.T. `The HyTime hypermedia/timebased document structuring language' Communications of the ACM, 34, (1991)

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Newcomb, S. R. / Kipp, N. A. / Newcomb, V. T. "Hytime: Hypermedia / Time-based Document Structuring Language"; Communications of the ACM, Vol. 34(11), November '91.

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Newcomb, S.R., Kipp, N.A., and Newcomb, V.T. `The HyTime hypermedia/time-based document structuring language' Communications of the ACM, Vol 34 (1991) No 11, pp

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