D. Israel and J. Perry. "What is Information?" in P. P. Hanson, editor, Information, Language, and Cognition, Vancouver, Canada: The University of British Columbia Press, 1990, pp. 1--28.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....locations. The meaning of is a relation defined not only over d, c, and e, but also over oe. 3 Situations: A Computational Perspective Intelligent agents generally make their way in the world by being able to pick up certain information from a situation, process it, and react accordingly [24, 27, 28, 36]. Being in a (mental) situation, such an agent has information about situations it sees, believes in, hears about, etc. Alice, for example, upon hearing an utterance of A bear is running towards you, would have the information, by relying on the utterance situation, that her friend is the ....

D. Israel and J. Perry. "What is Information?" in P. P. Hanson, editor, Information, Language, and Cognition, Vancouver, Canada: The University of British Columbia Press, 1990, pp. 1--28.

....this style. One of the applications in which PROSIT was used is the treatment of identity. This aims to demonstrate the role of parameters in situation theory. Parameters are means to keep track of the correspondence between the concepts in mind and real objects in the world, cf. Israel and Perry [24]. The idea can be exemplified by the discussion about Cicero. The famous Roman orator Cicero s first name is Tully. For someone who knows this identity, the answer to the question Is Tully an orator would be yes. However, it is not possible to give the same answer for someone who is not aware ....

D. Israel and J. Perry. What is information? In P. P. Hanson, editor, Information, Language, and Cognition, pages 1--28. The University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, Canada, 1990.

....time) tense tense (A proof of a proposition about the relationship between an event time and an utterance time. Contexts are not always as complete as we would like. We may not know exactly which situation is being described. We may not know who is being referred to by the uses of certain names. Israel and Perry (1990, 1991) point out that in such cases we obtain existential information from the utterance, e.g. There is a person named Smith who hired a person named Jones . Israel and Perry call this incremental content. We will treat this by saying that a meaning function such as (21) can be coerced when we ....

Israel, David and John Perry (1990) What is Information? in Hanson, ed. (1990), pp. 1--19.

....reasoning, there have been few attempts to employ PROSIT in this style. One of the applications in which PROSIT was used is the treatment of identity which we consider next. Parameters are the means to keep track of the correspondence between concepts in the mind and real objects in the world, cf. [10]. The idea can be exemplified by the following. The famous Roman orator Cicero s first name is Tully. For someone who knows this identity, the answer to the question Is Tully an orator would be Yes . However, for someone who is not aware of this identity it is not possible to give the same ....

D. Israel and J. Perry. What is information? In P. P. Hanson, editor, Information, Language, and Cognition, pages 1--28. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, 1990.

....in a modal logic framework. 1 Information Networks One situationcan carry information about another, provided there is sufficient connection between the two. This idea is the core of Fred Dretske s analysis of information flow, as developed further in a logical vein by Barwise Seligman 1996, Israel Perry 1991. Such connectionscan be extrinsic (due to regularities that happen to holdin this world) but also intrinsic : based on structural similarities between the situations. One can model both by information network plus useful links between them. Anothersourcefor this idea is Michiel van ....

D. Israel & J. Perry, 1991, 'What is Information?', Report CSLI-91-145, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University.

....sit 2 in (18) corresponds to what in classical situation semantics would be called the idescribed situationj. Contexts are not always as complete as we would like. We may not know exactly which situation is being described. We may not know who is being referred to by the uses of certain names. Israel and Perry (1990, 1991) point out that in such cases we obtain existential information from the utterance, e.g. iThere is a person named Smith who hired a person named Jonesj. Israel and Perry call this incremental content. We will treat this by saying that a meaning function such as (18) can be coerced when we ....

Israel, David and John Perry (1990) What is Information? in Hanson, ed.

....sit 2 in (18) corresponds to what in classical situation semantics would be called the described situation . Contexts are not always as complete as we would like. We may not know exactly which situation is being described. We may not know who is being referred to by the uses of certain names. Israel and Perry (1990, 1991) point out that in such cases we obtain existential information from the utterance, e.g. There is a person named Smith who hired a person named Jones . Israel and Perry call this incremental content. We will treat this by saying that a meaning function such as (18) can be coerced when we ....

Israel, David and John Perry (1990) What is Information? in Hanson, ed. (1990), pp. 1--19.

....of the movement. We say that the agent brings about these results. This is our second category of actions, which we call accomplishments. 3 We consider only these two categories of actions in this paper; there may be others. 2 We do not assume, however, that an act has a unique content. In [5, 4], we develop a notion of content that allows an event an act, an utterance to have multiple contents. 3 The result that is brought about need not be intended; we are using the term accomplishment in what might be called its wry sense, according to which one could focus on a quite ....

D.J. Israel and J.R. Perry. What is information? In P. Hanson, editor, Information, Language, and Cognition, Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science. University of British Columbia Press, 1989.

....terms of the result brought about. We also define certain central relations involving actions and movements. In x5, we briefly discuss related work and the last section contains some conclusions and a preview of further research. 2 We do not assume, however, that an act has a unique content. In [Israel and Perry, 1989; Israel and Perry, 1991] we develop a notion of content that allows an event (act, utterance, etc. to have multiple contents. 3 The result that is brought about need not be intended; we are using the term accomplishment in what might be called its wry sense, according to which one could ....

....agents or of autonomous robots, we have abstracted quite completely from the information processing and cognitive factors, including sensory motor control factors, involved in such actions. Some quite preliminary steps in the direction of a richer theory can be found in [ Israel, 1987; Perry, 1986; Israel and Perry, 1989 ] and more directly in [ Israel and Perry, 1991 ] Finally, we have borrowed a formal treatment, due to Krister Segerberg, of the logic of bringing it about. Further development in this last direction requires extension to the first order case. 7 Acknowledgments We would like to thank the ....

D.J. Israel and J.R. Perry. What is information? In P. Hanson, editor, Information, Language, and Cognition, Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science. University of British Columbia Press, 1989.

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