Brad A. Myers. "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation". IEEE Computer 25, 8 (Aug. 1992), 61-73.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... PBE, Programming by Demonstration, PBD, Keyboard Macro, Dynamic Macro Creation INTRODUCTION Varioustechniques for programmingby demonstration (PBD) and predictive user interface have been proposed to support easy programming or to reduce the burden of doing similar operations repeatedly[2][6]. Most PBD systems are for graphical user interfaces (GUI, but PBD techniques for text editors and other keyboard based systems have also been proposed. For example, Darragh s Reactive Keyboard[3] predicts the user s next keystrokes from the statistic information gathered by the user s previous ....

Myers, B. A. Demonstrational interfaces: A step beyond direct manipulation. IEEE Computer 25, 8 (August 1992), 61--73.

....his normal use of the system and improves its advice over time. i.e. the knowledge for the advice generation in CAP II is not (too much) pre programmed, but acquired from the user. The user demonstrates it by operating a tool as he is used to. Therefore, consistent with B. Myers definition in [16], CAP II provides a demonstrational user interface and allows its user to program the way how his preferences should be handled by the agent. He does this by just using the calendar tool. As the only demonstrational technique according to B. Myers enumeration and in addition to the regular ....

B.A. Myers. Demonstrational interfaces: A step beyond direct manipulation. Technical Report CMU-CS-90-162, Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science, Pittsburgh, PA, August 1990.

....to be performed. In implicit programming the computer system observes user actions, and generates a model of the user or their actions that can be used to predict future actions. Included in this category are systems that support programming by demonstration and programming by example [23, 7, 22]. Although these techniques may include some explicit instruction from the user, it is normally limited to meta instructions such as Start observing now . The notion of generalising the user actions is central in many programming by demonstration systems. Through abstraction these systems can ....

....because executing the procedures may take too long. At future trials of the system we will support dynamic equal opportunity for the Leogo primitive commands at the expense of interface consistency, and see whether this causes user problems. 6.3. 1 Inferencing programs by example Myers [23, 22] distinguishes systems that support programming by example from systems that allow programming with example . Systems for programming by example autonomously infer generalisations in the the user s actions. Programming with example systems, however, require explicit instruction from the user ....

BA Myers. Demonstrational interfaces: A step beyond direct manipulation. In D Diaper and N Hammond, editors, People and computers VI. Proceedings of the HCI '91 Conference. 20--23 August. Edinburgh., pages 11--30, 1991.

....by registering a sequence of icon overlappings that the user demonstrates. This sequence can be replayed by overlapping the input icon or icons in the pattern that triggered the macro. Thus, the system is classified as programming withexample, since no inferences are made from the demonstration [8]. In this paper, an extension to HI VISUAL is proposed that gives greater power to end users to tailor the system to their needs. Specifically, users are allowed to create Draw Edit text Options Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Figure 1: Icon overlapping in HI VISUAL Cancel Command line new function ....

B. A. Myers, "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation," IEEE Computer, Vol. 25, No. 8 (August), pp. 61-73, 1992.

....scripting language to make programs. A program generates a report of a fixed format by embedding various data of a relational database. This paper describes user interface of a report tool, which designates formats of reports. The user interface is designed in a programming by example manner [1][2]. A user creates a sample report for example table data. The tool extracts the implied formatting rules. The tool interprets the rules to generate reports reading relational table data as input. The extraction process is deterministic and does not include any statistical recognition or learning ....

....size of the block. 4.1.3 Non Iterative Objects Formatting rules consist of the attribute of the objects and the absolute position on the sheet. 4.1. 4 Iterative Objects Formatting rules for iterative objects includes Figure 3 Examples of Iteration Patterns Block Block Block Block D1[1] D3[2] C1 C3 C2 D2[1] Figure 4 Calculating the Increment and the Image of the Sample Report D3[0] C1 C2 C3 D1[0] D2[0] D3[0] Example Row D1[1] D2[1] D3[1] D2[2] D3[2] D1[3] D2[3] D3[3] D1[4] D2[4] D3[5] C1 C3 D1[0] D2[0] C2 Block D1[2] D1[1] D3[1] C1 C3 C2 D2[1] D1[1] D3[3] ....

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Myers, Brad A., Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation, IEEE Computer (August 1992), 61-73.

....An earlier version of VisMap [13] has given us a good deal of insight into the design goals for this kind of system. Three sets of goals arise from the need to interact with applications, controllers, and users. An enormous effort goes into the development of application user interfaces [6], toward the implicit goal of matching the abilities and limitations of human users. In interacting with applications through such interfaces, the ideal system accommodates and exploits this bias toward human like perception, action, and cognition wherever possible. 1. Sensors: At the physical ....

....agents debate recognize the importance of visual scripting to the future of direct manipulation interfaces. Shneiderman calls graphical macro tools his favorite project to advance general computing [12] Myers describes a wide range of benefits to incorporating scripting into the interface [6]: the automation of repetitive tasks, the addition of useful levels of abstraction, the delegation of VisSolitaire COMMAND: GET CARDS LAYOUT) VisMap RESPONSE: 8 :HEARTS) 2 1) ACE :CLUBS) 5 1) 6 :DIAMONDS) 1 2) 5 :SPADES) 1 2) 9 :CLUBS) 7 2) Figure 8. Sample interaction ....

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Myers, B. Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation, Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration, Allen Cypher, et. al., eds. MIT Press Cambridge, MA. 1993. pp. 485-512.

....any time to see how the snapshots he gave as input to LOG are furthering his design goals for the widget. The feedback he gets from LOG gives him direction for future snapshots. There are numerous advantages to using the snapshot method for purposes of communication between the user and the system[KURL91, MYERS92]. Complex constraint systems can be specified with few operations, allowing novices to learn basic functionality quickly. Furthermore, experienced users can work rapidly to carry out a wide range of tasks. The snapshot method makes for a friendly system that is intuitive to use. Users do not need ....

Myers, Brad A. "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation ", IEEE Computer, pp. 61-73, Aug. 1992.

....The micro based technologies often allow the use of applications and the construction of user interfaces. Future glue may be based on more visual systems such as those represented by VX DeltaREXX [VRe93] NeXTstep on the NeXT computer [NeX91] or as shown in the work on demonstrational interfaces [Mye91] We expect that the glue technologies will be based on the programming language paradigm for quite a length of time as we make progress toward a more friendly method of combining software components. Effective application integrators will have to become programmers for the foreseeable future ....

Brad A. Myers. Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation. In Dan Diaper and Nick Hammond, editors, People and Computers VI, pages 11--30. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

....number of end users. For example, creating a new widget and compiling it into the wish script, in Tk, requires a fair amount of knowledge and experience in programming. Brad A. Myers points out these defects in Direct Manipulation Interfaces and introduces the notion of Demonstrational Interfaces [23, 24]. Demonstrational Interfaces allow the user to provide some concrete examples, characteristic of the action he she wants to perform, and then complete the rest of the action either with little or no feedback from the user. A Demonstrational Interface, for instance, can figure out that the user is ....

....interfaces) can be intelligent. The intelligent interfaces infer the actions that the user wants to perform from the examples he provides. The less intelligent systems take the help of the user before they proceed with the action. Different classes of demonstrational interfaces are discussed in [23]. The fact that we do not find any large scale commercial systems using demonstrational interfaces, shows that there should be some serious drawbacks associated with their use. Demonstrational interfaces are harder to use when the user knows and can specify what exactly is needed. The user will ....

Brad A. Myers, "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation, " IEEE Computer, Aug. 1992, pp.61-73.

....been used to construct interfaces as well as illustrations. 1.2 Example Based Techniques In all of the new techniques presented here, the user indicates the desired repetition, at least in part, by presenting an example. Hence, these methods are all example based or demonstrational techniques [Myers92] in which the user presents to the application an 3 example of the desired task, and the application uses this specification to perform similar tasks on other examples. Alternatively, the user could write a program to perform the desired repetition, but this has several disadvantages. First, ....

Myers, B. A. Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation. IEEE Computer 25, 8. (August 1992). 61-73.

....STORYBOARDS 67 4.7.2 Inferencing Techniques and Code Generation Another way in which to make storyboards more expressive is by applying inferencing techniques to them. Programming by demonstration (PBD) is a technique in which one specifies a program by directly operating the user interface [Myers 1992; Cypher 1993] The system then tries to infer a program to implement the interaction. SILK s storyboarding system is similar to a PBD system. In the sketch window the designer specifies the layout and structure of the interface, while in the storyboard window she demonstrates possible end user ....

Brad A. Myers. "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation," IEEE Computer. 25(8): pp. 61-73, August, 1992.

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Brad A. Myers. "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation". IEEE Computer 25, 8 (Aug. 1992), 61-73.

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Myers, B.A. Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation. IEEE Computer 25, 8 (August 1992), 61--73.

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Myers, B.A. "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation." IEEE Computer, 1992. 25(8): pp. 6173.

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Brad A. Myers. "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation," IEEE Computer. 1992a. 25(8). pp. 61-73.

....implementation innovations including new models for constraints, objects, input, output, commands, undo, and animation. An important goal is to support new kinds of interactive tools where the designer can create much of the user interface for a system by direct manipulation or by demonstration [Myers 1992] rather than by writing code. For example, we created a variety of interface builders which allow widgets to be laid out interactively using the mouse, and their parameters can be set, in the style of Visual Basic. Other tools allow constraints and behaviors to be demonstrated without writing ....

Brad A. Myers. "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation," IEEE Computer. 1992. 25(8). pp. 61-73.

....story using various ways to pick which video segment comes next. For example, a question might be asked or the user might click on various hot spots. Our storyboard view allows multiple arrows out of a clip, and we plan to support a natural scripting language [25] and demonstrational techniques [24] that will make it easy to specify how to choose which segment to play next based on the end user s input. 6.9 Other Views In the future, we plan to add support for many other views, all inter linked. For example, if the transcript window is used to hold an authored script, then it will be ....

Myers, B.A., "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation." IEEE Computer, 1992. 25(8): pp. 61-73.

....specify the behavior among the interface elements in the sketch. For example, SILK knows how a button operates, but it cannot know what interface action should occur when a user presses the button. Some of this can be inferred either by the type of the element or with by demonstration techniques [4, 16], but much of it may need to be specified using a visual language we are designing or even a scripting language for very complex custom behaviors. Our prototype does not yet support the specification of behaviors. When the designer is happy with the interface, SILK will replace the sketches with ....

Myers, B.A. Demonstrational Interfaces: A step beyond direct manipulation. IEEE Computer 25, 8 (August 1992), 61--73.

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Brad A. Myers, #1992#. Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation. IEEE Computer, 25#8#:61#73.

....using dialog boxes, and in Director, many simple movements can be specified by dragging objects with the mouse. One focus of much of our previous work has been how to extend the range of what can be performed by direct manipulation, by allowing more behaviors to be specified by demonstration [17]. We have created many systems which have explored various aspects of this problem. A partial list of these systems includes: Peridot [15] Lapidary [34] Tourmaline [16, 35] Marquise [20] Pursuit [14] Silk [10] Topaz [19] and Turquoise [13] Some of these and many other demonstrational ....

....Furthermore, if there is no static representation of the program, then the users cannot go back and see what they have done, to revise, edit and reuse prior work. The lack of an editable static representation has been a chief failing of many previous demonstrational and direct manipulation systems [17]. Why Natural We are investigating new representations of programs (which includes multimedia scripts) that use textual and graphical elements, and are designed to be more natural. We define natural as faithfully representing nature or life, which here implies that it works in accordance ....

Myers, B.A., "Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation." IEEE Computer, 1992. 25(8): pp. 61-73.

....script or a programmer to help them. For these users, the World Wide Web must be manually operated, with no way to retrieve, process, or generate data automatically. There is an alternative to traditional scripting languages: creating the script by demonstration. In programming by demonstration [11], the user describes a program by operating on example data, while the system watches and attempts to infer the intent of the user s actions. The end result of the demonstration is an abstract, executable program. Turquoise is a WWW browsing and editing system that supports the creation of ....

Myers, B. Demonstrational interfaces: a step beyond direct manipulation. IEEE Computer 25, 8 (August 1992), 61-73.

....G. Cockton, S. W. Draper and G. R. S. Weir (Eds. People and Computers IX, Proc. of HCI 94, Glasgow. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 91 108. Visual Programming in a Visual Domain: A Case Study of Cognitive Dimensions Francesmary Modugno 1 T. R. G. Green 2 Brad A. Myers 1 1 Carnegie Mellon University 2 MRC Applied Psychology Unit 5000 Forbes Ave 15 Chaucer Road Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Cambridge CB2 2EF, UK ffmm,bamg cs.cmu.edu thomas.green mrc apu.cam.ac.uk Abstract We present a new visual programming language and environment that serves as a form of feedback ....

Brad A. Myers, (1992). Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation. IEEE Computer, 25(8):61--73.

.... Visual Programming in a Visual Domain Francesmary Modugno Brad A. Myers January 1994 CMU CS 94 109 School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 This report supersedes CMU CS 93 133. Abstract We present a new visual programming language and environment that serves as a form of feedback and representation in a Programming by ....

Brad A. Myers (1992). Demonstrational Interfaces: A Step Beyond Direct Manipulation. IEEE Computer, 25(8):61--73.

....parallel storyboards defined in Figure 5. Inferencing Techniques Another way in which we can make storyboards more expressive is by applying inferencing techniques to them. Programming by demonstration (PBD) is a technique in which one specifies a program by directly operating the user interface [3, 15]. The system then tries to infer a program to implement the interaction. Our storyboarding system is similar to a PBD system. In the sketch 12. window we specify the layout and structure of the interface, while in the storyboard window we demonstrate possible end user actions and show how the ....

Myers, B.A. Demonstrational Interfaces: A step beyond direct manipulation. IEEE Computer 25, 8 (August 1992), 61--73.

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Myers, D. A.: Demonstrational interfaces: a step beyond direct manipulation, IEEE Computer, 61-73, 1992.

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