Ashby, R. (1956) Introduction to cybernetics. John Wiley: NewYork. Home/Search Document Not in Database Summary Related Articles Check |
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On the Use of Visualization in - Formal Requirements Specification (Correct)
....against a variety of visualizations. Some designers of state based software specification languages have used the term mode as a synonym for state; therefore all states are modes. We instead use the term mode in the engineering sense and as originally defined by Ashby in systems theory [Ash56] Although the visualizations described in the previous section were useful in understanding the MD 11 specification, this anecdotal evidence does not prove their usefulness to a broad class of users and specifications. We are designing experiments with human subjects to validate the application ....
W.R. Ashby, "An Introduction to Cybernetics", John Wiley, 1956.
The View from Elsewhere: Perspectives on ALife Modelling - Wheeler, Bullock, Di.. (2002) (2 citations) (Correct)
....in pattern recognition, and of course built his autonomous turtles to study mechanisms underlying the generation of adaptive behaviour [52] W. Ross Ashby formulated theoretical frameworks for understanding adaptive behaviour which are experiencing something of a renaissance in ALife and modern AI [1, 2]. Among many other achievements in a variety of scientific fields, Thomas Gold was a co author of the steady state theory of the universe and founded the Cornell Astrophysics department. Jack Good became a very prominent statistician making important contributions in Bayesian methods. Eliot Slater ....
Ashby, W. R. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman and Hall, 1958.
Journal of Automatic Control and Computer Science.. - No Pp Self-Organizing (Correct)
....firstly, if the various structures of the neural network can be generated and, secondly, if the best of them can be selected by a criterion of their efficiency. The variety or the number of the training neural network states must be adequate in accordance with the general principle of W. Ashby [2]. The complexity of the learned neural network will be optimal if its variety will be adequate under the minimal number of its nodes and their synaptic connections. For known F. Rosenblatt s perceptron consisting of the input (sensor) associative and adjustable layers of the nodes, the ....
Ashby, W.R., An Introduction to Cybernetics. Willey, New York, 1956.
Evaluating Computer Animation Models with Lossy Data.. - Campani, Menezes (2003) (Correct)
....In the Sections 2, 3 and 4 we will present preliminaries about Kolmogorov complexity and our methodology, in the remaining Sections we will focus on animation models. 2 Systems Science Systems science (or systems theory, or cybernetics) is a fuzzy academic domain and dicult to de ne (see [1]) The research area is characterized by an wide range of applications. One possible de nition is: Systems science is the study and application of general problem solution methods and general principles of control of systems of a large range of types (mechanical, chemical, biological, ....
Ross Ashby. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman and Hall, London, 1957.
The Richness of Diversity in Knowledge Creation: An.. - Bonifacio, Molani (2003) (Correct)
....can bee seen as a set of ready to use alternative answers that an organization, as an organism, can give when facing new and unforeseen environmental situations. A similar concept can be derived by the study of complexity, and in particular by the notion of requisite variety in organizations [Ashby, 56] Here an organization is seen as a system that has to manage the trade off between the need of stabilizing its internal processes, and the one of answering to external environmental complexity. An organization is seen as a complexity selector that has mainly the goal to filter between ....
W.R. Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics. Part Two: Variety. London, England: Methuen, 1956.
Variable Resolution Hierarchical RL - Hengst (Correct)
....and shows that it produces a hierarchy of abstract models. Section 4 introduces three variable resolution heuristics. Section 5 shows the results for Kaelbling s 10 10 maze [1] We conclude with some discussion on future research directions. 2 Modelling, Homomorphism and Abstractions Ashby [2] described a model as a state action homomorphism between Markov machines. A homomorphism is a many one mapping that preserves certain operations of interest. For example, the state transition function in a MDP is a good model of the environment if it accurately reflects the probabilistic ....
Ross Ashby. Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman & Hall, London, 1956.
Molecules and Thoughts: Pattern Complexity and Evolution in.. - Tarnopolsky (2003) (Correct)
....it is appropriate to pay tribute to one of the almost forgotten ideas from the dawn of AI. In 1940, the homeostat of W. Ross Ashby (1903 1972) joined the class of systems consisting of particles interacting under constraints. Ashby s Design for a Brain [12] and An Introduction to Cybernetics [13] are a fascinating reading. Ashby seems today, when the general ideas are buried under the sediment of narrow and technical papers, well ahead of his time because his model was, in essence, a 32 constrained by structure condensed matter, close to that of Ising, where topological neighbors ....
....Langdon, Peter Schuster, and many others) It studies the theoretical aspects of LMS, excluding the US Tax Code, the most complex creation of all. Ross Ashby captured the state of evolutionary divergence of the emergent AI into computer and life sciences in his An Introduction to Cybernetics [13]. In spite of Alan Turing s own biological interests, the Turing Machine gave a great impetus to AI toward computer science rather than life science. Nevertheless, the anthropomorphic Turing test was based on live human intelligence as the reference point and was, in essence, a test for ....
W. Ross Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics, London: Chapman & Hall, 1956/1964. (A short gracious bio: http://www.isss.org/lumashby.htm)
Model-Free Analogues As Active Neurons For - Neural Network Self-Organization (Correct)
....or fuzzy. Deterministic (robust) part and additional black boxes acting on each output of object can represent them. The only information about these boxes is that they have limited values of output variables, which are similar to the corresponding states of object. According to Ashby [2] diversity of control system or model is to be not smaller, than diversity of the object itself. The Law of4dequateness, given by S.Beer, establishes that for optimal control the objects are to be compensated by corresponding black boxes of the control system [1] For optimal pattern recognition ....
Ashby D. An introduction to cybernetics. J. Wiley, New York 1958.
Spatial Organisation of a Homogeneous Agent Population Using.. - Williams (2002) (Correct)
....likely that there is a link between the complexity of the coupled agent environment system and the complexity of the behaviours that can be exhibited. Behaviours of a certain complexity may require a minimum level of system complexity for their performance (compare Ashby s Law of Requisite Variety [2]) Further, it may be that there are different ways of distributing the complexity between the subsystems of agent and environment, as occurred with the circle formation task; the complexity may be situated in different subsystems in different proportions, provided that the complexity of the ....
Ashby, W.R. (1956) Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman & Hall, London.
Self-Organizing Multilayered Neural Networks of Optimal Complexity - Schetinin (1998) (Correct)
....firstly, if the various structures of the neural network can be generated and, secondly, if the best of them can be selected by a criterion of their efficiency. The variety or the number of the training neural network states must be adequate in accordance with the general principle of W. Ashby [2]. The complexity of the learned neural network will be optimal if its variety will be adequate under the minimal number of its nodes and their synaptic connections. For known F. Rosenblatt s perceptron consisting of the input (sensor) associative and adjustable layers of the nodes, the ....
Ashby, W.R., An Introduction to Cybernetics. Willey, New York, 1956.
Art, Emergence, and the Computational Sublime - Mccormack, Dorin (Correct)
....serves as a great source of inspiration to generative artists 11 . Artists are often looking for surprise, novelty, agency and that out of control feeling in their work, what Ashby describes as Descarte s Dictum: how can a designer build a device which outperforms the designer s specifications [2] Artists can get away with much more than scientists can where emergence is concerned, since Art is not bound by the same obligations as Science. But in gaining such freedom, the artist also acquires new problems because, in general, the search space lacks reference points and becomes ....
Ashby, W.R.: An Introduction to Cybernetics. London, Chapman & Hall (1956)
Intelligence - Based Semiotic Control (Correct)
....this situation as the existence of a semiotic control system. We know briefly outline the theory of semiotic systems. 2. 1 Semiotic Models and Controls There is a rich literature (e.g. 5, 15, 17, 18, 19] traceable back to the founders of systems theory and cybernetics in the post war period [4], which has tried to construct a coherent philosophy of science based on two fundamental concepts: ffl Models as the basis not only for a consistent epistemology of systems, but also as an explanation of the special properties of living and cognitive systems. ffl Control systems as the ....
....engineering [2] and scientific domains. However, our normal sense of control combines it with models, which are used to aid in decisionmaking by predicting future states of anticipated actions, using prediction of future events to guide actions. This is what Ashby refers to as cause control [4], or Rosen as anticipatory [17] or Klir as feedforward [10] In this architecture an endo model embedded within a controlsystemis used to make a decision as to which action to take, and thus acts in the role of the agent. It is this view which most dominates our conception of the nature of ....
Ashby, Ross: (1956) Introduction to Cybernetics, Methuen, London, http://pcp.vub.ac.be/books/IntroCyb.pdf
Some Methodological Considerations on Chance Discovery - Helmut Prendinger Mitsuru (1 citation) (Correct)
....the paper. Nature vs. Open Systems To clarify the application field of chance discovery, we draw a broad distinction about the object of investigation: nature vs. open systems (Schurz 1999) Whereas nature is governed by natural laws, open systems are typically modeled abstractly by cybernetics (Ashby 1964) and system theory (v. Bertalan#y 1979) Examples of open systems include living systems such as human beings, scientific communities and companies, and artificial (or technical) systems, e.g. cars and power plants. Both kinds can be described by the following system theoretical (S1 2) and ....
Ashby, W. R. 1964. An Introduction to Cybernetics.
Enactive Cognitive Science. Part 1: Background and Research Themes - McGee (2005) (Correct)
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Ashby, R. (1956) Introduction to cybernetics. John Wiley: NewYork.
Anomaly Detection Using Self/Nonself Discrimination for the Linux .. - Olsson (Correct)
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W. Ross Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics, Chapman & Hill, London, 1956.
Anomaly Detection Using Self/Nonself Discrimination - Olsson (2003) (Correct)
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W. Ross Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics, Chapman & Hill, London, 1956.
Towards a Hierarchical Taxonomy of Autonomous Agents - Tosic, Agha (Correct)
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W. Ross Ashby, "An Introduction to Cybernetics", 4th impression, Chapman & Hall Ltd., London, 1961
A Systems-Theoretic Approach to Safety in Software-Intensive.. - Nancy Leves On (2004) (1 citation) (Correct)
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Ashby, W.R., 1956. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman and Hall, London.
On the Application of Kolmogorov Complexity to - The Characterization And (Correct)
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R. Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics. London: Chapman and Hall, 1957.
Fuzzy Relational Biology - A Factor-Space Approach to Genome.. - Wolkenhauer (2000) (1 citation) (Correct)
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Ashby,W.R.:An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman and Hall, London 1956. Internet (1999): http://pcp.vub.ac.be/books/IntroCyb.pdf
A Systems Theoretic Approach to Safety Engineering - Nancy Leveson Mirna (Correct)
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Ashby, W.R., 1956. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman and Hall, London.
Unknown - Mail Wolkenhauer Umist (2001) (Correct)
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Ashby, W. R. (1957), `An Introduction to Cybernetics', Chapman and Hall, London. Internet URL (1999): http://pcp.vub.ac.be/ books/IntroCyb.pdf
The View from Elsewhere: Perspectives on ALife Modeling - Wheeler, Bullock, Di.. (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
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Ashby, W. R. (1958). An introduction to cybernetics. London: Chapman and Hall.
The Semiotics of Control and Modeling Relations in Complex Systems - Joslyn (2000) (Correct)
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Ashby, Ross: (1956) Introduction to Cybernetics, Methuen, London, http://pcp.vub.ac.be/books/IntroCyb.pdf
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