K.D. Forbus. Qualitative Reasoning. In A.B. Tucker, editor, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook, pages 715--733. CRC Press, 1996.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....the computation (rather than before) 1.2. Multidisciplinary Grid Communities: Themes The key dominant theme in these scenarios, and one that is well accepted as an integral aspect of grid computing, is the ability to do compositional modeling [14, 54] In the context of problem solving, Forbus [30] defines this term as combining representations for di#erent parts of a [computation] to create a representation of the [computation] as a whole. In this paper, we employ this term to convey merely an approach to problem solving and its use is not meant to imply an implementation technology, ....

....mathematical descriptions of scientific phenomena) Usually in such cases, the representation is accompanied by a domain theory and algorithms for reasoning in that representation. For instance, the QSIM system [58] is a facility where once a component (e.g. one for the cooling of liquid in a cup [30]) is defined, it is possible to reason about the properties and performance of that component (e.g. when are the contents of the cup drinkable ) While extremely powerful, such designs work well only within restrictive (and sometimes artificial) applications. An intermediate solution is to ....

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K.D. Forbus. Qualitative Reasoning. In A.B. Tucker, editor, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook, pages 715--733. CRC Press, 1996.

....computation (rather than before) 4 1. 2 Multidisciplinary Grid Communities: Themes The key dominant theme in these scenarios, and one that is well accepted as an integral aspect of grid computing, is the ability to do compositional modeling [14, 54] In the context of problem solving, Forbus [30] defines this term as combining representations for different parts of a [computation] to create a representation of the [computation] as a whole. In this paper, we employ this term to convey merely an approach to problem solving and its use is not meant to imply an implementation technology, ....

....mathematical descriptions of scientific phenomena) Usually in such cases, the representation is accompanied by a domain theory and algorithms for reasoning in that representation. For instance, the QSIM system [58] is a facility where once a component (e.g. one for the cooling of liquid in a cup [30]) is defined, it is possible to reason about the properties and performance of that component (e.g. when are the contents of the cup drinkable ) While extremely powerful, such designs work well only within restrictive (and sometimes artificial) applications. An intermediate solution is to ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K.D. Forbus. Qualitative Reasoning. In A.B. Tucker, editor, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook, pages 715--733. CRC Press, 1996.

....physical phenomena take place at spatial scales from tens of microns (combustion, turbulence, material failure) to meters (gas flow, rotating structures) and at temporal scales from microseconds to months. Modeling such complex phenomena can benefit from techniques such as qualitative computing [Forbus, 1997] and order of magnitude reasoning [Murthy, 1998, Nayak, 1992] An excellent survey of computational techniques in mechanics appears in [Noor, 1997] 2.4 Data Mining in Bioinformatics Bioinformatics constitutes perhaps one of the most exciting and challenging application areas for data mining. ....

Forbus, K. (1997). Qualitative Reasoning. In Tucker, A., editor, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook, pages 715--730. CRC Press.

....phase. 3.1.1 Qualitative Reasoning Reasoning about abstract features of a physical system or a candidate model is typically faster than reasoning about their detailed properties. Because of this, Pret uses a high level rst strategy: it tries to rule out models by purely qualitative techniques[28,37,40,84] before advancing to more expensive semi numerical or numerical techniques. Often, only a few steps of inexpensive qualitative reasoning (QR) suce to quickly discard a model. Some of Pret s qualitative rules, in turn, make use of other tools, e.g. symbolic algebra facilities from the commercial ....

....Because of this, nonlinear dynamicists typically reason about attractors in the state space, and how the topology of those attractors changes ( bifurcates ) when the system parameters are varied. This is the basis of the QBA framework. One of the goals of the qualitative reasoning (QR) community[40] is to abstract speci c instances of behavior into more general descriptions of a system. Reasoning about time series voltage signals from two slightly di erent 27 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 4 3 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 4 3 (a) b) Fig. 6. Identifying a period one limit cycle using the cell dynamics ....

K. Forbus. Qualitative reasoning. In A. Tucker, editor, CRC Computer Science and Engineering Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997.

....For more details on the rest of pret issues, solutions, internal representations, encoded knowledge bases, examples solved, etc. please consult the papers cited in the previous two paragraphs. 3 Qualitative Bifurcation Analysis One of the goals of the qualitative reasoning (QR) community[12] is to abstract speci c instances of behavior into more general descriptions of a system. An 80kg adult bouncing on the end of a bungee cord, for instance, will produce a di erent time series from a 50kg child, but both produce similar damped oscillatory responses. Reasoning about these two ....

K. D. Forbus. Qualitative reasoning. In J. A. Tucker, editor, CRC Computer Science and Engineering Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997.

....of the issues found in the hybrid systems literature. Our representation is an essential element of the input output modeling component of the pret automated system identification program. Hybrid Qualitative Phase Portrait Knowledge One of the goals of the qualitative reasoning (QR) community (Forbus 1997) is to abstract specific instances of behavior into more general descriptions of a system. An 80kg adult bouncing on the end of a bungee cord, for instance, will produce a di#erent time series from a 50kg child, but both produce similar damped oscillatory responses. Reasoning about these two ....

Forbus, K. D. 1997. Qualitative reasoning. In A. Tucker, J., ed., Computer Science and Engineering Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

....phases. Structural identification yields the general form of the model; in parameter estimation, values for the unknown coe#cients in that model are determined. The pret modeling tool automates this process using artificial intelligence techniques. One of the aims of qualitative reasoning (QR)[10, 26], a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) is to automate the modeling process by abstracting knowledge, information, and reasoning to a qualitative level. The computer program pret[4] is an example of a QR modeling tool. It automates the SID process that is diagrammed in Figure 1 by building an ....

K. D. Forbus. Qualitative reasoning. In J. A. Tucker, editor, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997.

....we brie y describe a few examples demonstrating the suggested uses of our modeling language. Some of the examples were abstracted for lack of space. 4.1 Model Based Reasoning Below, we give a fragment of a theory describing the functionality of a car. We use qualitative proportionalities (see (Forbus 1996)) to represent the relationships among di erent variables of the car (in our case these are monotonically increasing and monotonically decreasing functions) Figure 5 describes some of the classes for this domain. The notation class C1 : C2 serves to point that C1 is a subclass of C2. Our ....

Forbus, K. 1996. Qualitative reasoning. In CRC Handbook of Computer Science and Engineering. CRC.

....for war games, and how qualitative descriptions can help in path finding. We close with some thoughts about next steps and a request for collaborators. What is qualitative spatial reasoning Qualitative representations carve up continuous properties into conceptually meaningful units [4,5]. This is very different from, say, chopping up numerical values into a set of uniformly sized bins or using a grid to divide up space. Let s start with the simpler one dimensional case. Think about temperature of a fluid. To understand what state that fluid is in requires knowing what its ....

Forbus, K. "Qualitative Reasoning". CRC Handbook of Computer Science and Engineering. CRC Press, 1996.

....as middle school students. Moreover, many crucial aspects of models are traditionally not formalized, such as the conditions under which a model is applicable. Qualitative reasoning formalisms provide the expressive power needed to capture the intuitive, causal notions of many human mental models[15,17,21]. This includes expressing aspects of modeling not handled by traditional environments, including conditions of applicability and other types of modeling knowledge. However, the predicate calculus based formalisms typically used in QR work provide a serious entry barrier to their use by children. ....

Forbus, K. "Qualitative Reasoning". CRC Handbook of Computer Science and Engineering. CRC Press, 1996.

....of 7 5 00 1 Articulate Software for Science and Engineering Education Kenneth D. Forbus Computer Science Department School of Education and Social Policy Northwestern University 1890 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL, 60201, USA Email: forbus nwu.edu To appear in: Forbus, K. Feltovich, P, and Canas, A. Smart Machines in Education: The coming revolution in educational technology. AAAI Press. Draft of 7 5 00 2 1 INTRODUCTION. 3 2 QUALITATIVE PHYSICS AND ARTICULATE ....

....physics. Progress in qualitative physics has led to new modeling languages that describe entities and processes in conceptual terms, embody natural notions of causality, and express knowledge about the modeling process itself (cf. Forbus, 1984, Weld de Kleer 1990; Falkenhainer Forbus, 1991; Forbus 1996). These languages provide new capabilities for domain content providers of science education software. By embedding human like models of entities and processes in software, the software s understanding can be used to provide explanations that are directly coupled to how specific results were ....

Forbus, K. "Qualitative Reasoning". CRC Handbook of Computer Science and Engineering. CRC Press, 1996.

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