S. M. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Feb. 1999.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....systems such as Microsoft Windows and standard distributions of open source systems such as Linux. Ballooning implicitly coaxes a guest OS into reclaiming memory using its own native page replacement algorithms. It has some similarity to the self paging technique used in the Nemesis system [11], which requires applications to handle their own virtual memory operations, including revocation. However, few applications are capable of making their own page replacement decisions, and applications must be modified to participate in 12 an explicit revocation protocol. In contrast, guest ....

Steven M. Hand. "Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System," Proc. Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, February 1999.

....architectures and implementations. If RBAC is to be adopted in practice, large scale engineering issues must be addressed. OASIS: an open architecture for secure, inter working services The OASIS project at the Computer Laboratory draws these threads together. An overview of OASIS is given in [2, 3], details of its architecture and engineering can be found in [4] and a formal model is presented in [5] OASIS is an access control system for open, interworking services in a distributed environment, with services being grouped into domains for the purpose of management. Services may be ....

....Paul Rovner, Roger Needham, Jerry Saltzer and Dave Clark. Ground rules I m not going to give formal semantics for the threads operations here. You can read the ones we wrote for Modula 2 [1] or you can read the reasonably good description in Chapter 17 of the Java Language Specification [3] (ignoring the stuff about re entrant mutexes) It s worth reading those specifications sometime, but the following summary should be enough for appreciating this paper. A condition variable, c, is associated with a specific lock, m. Calling c.Wait( enqueues the current thread on c ....

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Hand, S., `Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system,' Proc. Usenix Third Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, February 1999.

....This makes it difficult to respond to changing load situations or suspected denial ofservice attacks because killing tasks is usually not an option. Finally, related work has shown that applications can benefit significantly from managing their memory resources according to their own policy [15, 19, 20]. This is possible because the application has specific knowledge and can therefore give far more accurate predictions on future resource usage than the kernel. Although this argument has mostly been used for ordinary memory resources, it can be applied to kernel memory as well. 1.2 Approach In ....

.... We consider this overly restrictive because this policy is always a compromise between performance and generality; related work has shown that applications are often ill served by the default operating system policy [1, 50] and can benefit significantly from managing their own memory resources [15, 19, 20, 27, 29, 39]. Also, while the allocation policy can be configured in some of the approaches, other policies, e.g. for placement or replacement, cannot be influenced at all. Furthermore, the effectivity of this approach depends strongly on the policy that is being used. FCFS, which is implemented in L4 and ....

Steven M. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation, pages 73--86. USENIX Association, Feb 1999.

....ne its own revocation policies according to the needs of its higher level applications not only parallels the use of an application speci c page replacement policy, but is also another instantiation of the same overall idea. Memory management in the Nemesis operating system is a further example [Hand99] A frame allocator deals with the allocation and revocation of physical memory to and from applications. The approach is similar to the division of resources into guaranteed and best e ort that is provided in VServ using the revocation protocol. In Nemesis applications can be guaranteed a ....

Steven M. Hand. Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System. In Usenix Third Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'99), February 1999. (p 123)

.... resources need to be multiplexed (e.g. for CPU scheduling and network output) such multiplexing is performed at the lowest possible level, in accordance with the principles put forward in [Tennenhouse89] Tasks such as protocol processing [Black97] thread scheduling and virtual memory paging [Hand99] are safely delegated to the applications themselves. Nemesis is discussed further in Chapter 4. 2.3.2 Resource Control in Mobile Code and Safe Languages Existing approaches to resource control in mobile code and safe languages have focused on two main areas: the negotiation for and allocation ....

....heap, to ensure that any roots to server heap objects that are stored in the calling 130 Activity Time (s) Cumulative Incremental Local function invocation 0.24 0.24 15.2 Runtime invocation 0.34 0.10 6.3 Heap manipulation 0.60 0.26 16.5 Chain manipulation 0.77 0. 17 10.8 Exception handling 0.90 0.13 8.2 Server callback 1.58 0.68 43.0 Total 1.58 1.58 100.0 Table 7.2: Breakdown of time spent in a service invocation thread s stack are correctly traced. Chain manipulation: Linking the calling thread into the list of callers for the service, for use in the event of server or client ....

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Steven Hand. Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System. In OSDI

....on an extent level granularity by a trusted 32 user space filesystem driver. The usd driver maintains a cache of permission checks and makes call backs to the filesystem driver upon cache misses. Memory management Self paging is used by applications which require virtual memory [Hand98, Hand99] Separate interfaces are used for allocating (or potentially revoking) physical and virtual address space. The application is responsible for electing which physical frames should back which regions of its virtual address space and for paging data to disk where necessary. This design aids the ....

Steven M. Hand. Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI '99), pages 73--86. The USENIX Association, February 1999. (p 33) 182

....mechanisms and policies have been clearly demonstrated for many di erent classes of resource. Application speci c management of virtual memory has been extensively researched: Appel and Li [Appel91] provide general considerations for implementing application level VM primitives while Hand [Hand99] and Engler [Engler95] describe speci c implementations. User level network protocols are another area which has been covered by many groups: Cornell s U Net [vonEicken95] and the Virtual Interface Architecture [VIA97] derived from it, provide applications with a direct interface to the network ....

S. M. Hand; \Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System", 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (February 1999), pp.73-86. 13

....to provide quality of service to applications, in particular multimedia applications. It is a soft real time operating system. It is designed and implemented from scratch. In Nemesis, applications can reserve CPU time, transmit bandwidth on network interfaces, disk I O bandwidth [3] and memory [25]. In order to provide guarantees it is necessary that all resources used by or on behalf of an application are accounted for correctly. If you do not know who is using a resource you cannot provide the resource in a controlled way to the applications with the corresponding guarantees. In this ....

....client have an adverse e ect on the QoS observed by other clients [3] e.g. a video starts ickering when a compilation is started in the background. QoS crosstalk occurs when the operating system kernel or a shared server performs a signi cant amount of work on behalf of a number of applications [25]. As shown above, Nemesis avoids shared servers and applications perform as much work as possible 11 Priviledged: library shared shared shared library library code code code Appl. Appl. Appl. Driver Device Unpriviledged: Kernel Figure 1: The Nemesis structure. themselves using shared ....

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S. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), New Orleans, USA, February 1999.

....such as Exokernel [12] which promotes the implementation of OS components as libraries under application control. Likewise, a SEDAbased OS should expose a virtual memory interface which makes physical memory availability explicit; this approach is similar to that of application controlled paging [7, 8]. 5. Related Work The SEDA design was derived from approaches to managing high concurrency and unpredictable load in a variety of systems. The Flash web server [21] and the Harvest web cache [4] are based on an asynchronous, event driven model which closely resembles the SEDA architecture. In ....

S. M. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of OSDI '99, February 1999.

....does not infer the tag for a request in the absence of application support and does not exploit these for the scheduling of an application that picks up a tagged request. Precursors of this work are the Hierarchical Scheduler (HS) 9] with configurable CPU scheduling policies and the Nemesis OS [10]. Nemesis provides comprehensive inter application isolation for memory and file system. Both HS and Nemesis require applications to manage their own resource bindings. Workload Manager s (WLM s) 1] notion of a service class is similar to the notion of a VS. Since WLM manages requests separately ....

HAND, S. M. Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System. In Proceedings of the Third USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (New Oreleans, Lousiana, February 1999), USENIX, pp. 73-- 86.

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S. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 1999.

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S. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 1999.

....code on the same hardware) and in terms of resource consumption (so that clients may be charged according to their usage) W1.1 Core platform development. The core platform requirements of resource accounting and isolation fit closely with our experience developing the Nemesis operating system [12, 8]. Our basic platform design will follow a similar model: a low level hypervisor provides protection, scheduling and accounting. However, rather than running applications directly over this (as we did in Nemesis) we intend to host traditional OSs these form the unit of resource management, ....

HAND, S. M. Self-paging in the nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI '99) (Feb. 1999), The USENIX Association, pp. 73--86.

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S. M. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Feb. 1999.

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Steven M. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proc. 3rd OSDI, pages 73--86. USENIX Association, Feb 1999.

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HAND, S. Self-paging in the nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (February 1999).

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Steven M. Hand. Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System. In Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operatin Systems Design and Implementation, February 1999.

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Steven Hand. Self-paging in the nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, February 1999.

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S. Hand. Self-paging in the nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, February 1999.

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S. M. Hand. Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Feb. 1999.

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S. M. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, pages 73--86, Feb. 1999.

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Steven M. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proc. 3rd OSDI, pages 73-86. USENIX Association, Feb 1999.

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Steven M. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In Proc. 3rd OSDI, pages 73--86. USENIX Association, Feb 1999.

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Steven Hand. Self-paging in the nemesis operating system. In Proc. of USENIX Symp. on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, February 1999.

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S. Hand. Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system. In USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, pages 73--86, New Orleans, LA, USA, February 1999.

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