T. S. Ray. An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology, zen and the art of creating life. Artificial Life, 1:195, 1994.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....algorithms [5, 6] studying the dynamics of mutation. Only recently, however, have people been able to consider the two processes together, in order to understand evolution. These have generally involved simulating the lives and procreation of individual organisms, eg Thomas Ray s Tierra model,[9, 11, 10] or coupling genetic algorithms with neural networks [1] These models are computationally intensive, and don t necessarily illuminate the system dynamics. We start with a generalised form of the Lotka Volterra equation (in tensor notation) n = ffn fin mutate( ff; n) 1) Here n is the ....

T. S. Ray. An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology, zen and the art of creating life. Artificial Life, 1:195, 1994.

....surface 0 g ae with a wall along the p = 0 axis (i.e. f(p; g) ffi(p) 8g ae ) Figure 2 shows the probability distribution of a mutant phenotypical coefficient about that of its parent s value. This is given by Z 1 e Gammag= i Gamma ( 2g ) dg: 3) 2 Tierran Dynamics Tierra[2, 4, 3], is a system where small assembly language programs execute (and hence replicate) with a small chance of errors inducing mutations in the code. As the systems space (called the soup) is filled, a reaper operation comes into play that kills the organisms. In a previous paper[7] much was made ....

T. S. Ray. An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology, zen and the art of creating life. Artificial Life, 1:195, 1994.

....studied, that the timescale over which it occurs is vaster than an individual researcher s lifetime, and that the fossil record is imperfect. Our best chance to resolving many of these issues is to turn to simulations of evolution, or to create Artificial Life systems which feature evolvability. [9, 11, 10] Most studies of evolution to date have had an externally imposed fitness function whether the models have been analytic in nature [1, 5] or are simulated on a computer as with genetic algorithms. 4, 3] This fitness function will have a global optimum, and as a consequence, there will be an end to ....

T. S. Ray. An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology, zen and the art of creating life. Artificial Life, 1, 1994. to appear.

....reproduced in Figure 3. Another example of a system in which species have a power law distribution of lifetimes has been observed recently by Adami (1995) not with biological data, but with data on the evolution of competing computer programs in the Tierra artificial life environment created by Ray (1994). In these simulations, self reproducing programs compete for limited resources in the form of CPU time and memory space on a computer, and those which reproduce most successfully rapidly dominate the system. In the course of a number of very large Tierra simulations, Adami observed the lifetimes ....

Ray, T. S. 1994 An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology. Artificial Life 1, 195.

....However, the prospect of 2 actually creating new forms of life lies at the heart of Artificial Life and sets our hearts a flutter. If we ever could create new forms of life, we would no longer have a sample of one to study. Comparative biology, in a deep sense, could begin. Tom Ray s Tierra model[20, 21] is the best known example of the synthetic life initiative. Tierra is similar to game of Core Wars where little assembly language viruses live, replicate, and destroy each other in a section of core memory. However, Tierra prevents the selfreplicating programs from destroying each other. Ray ....

T. S. Ray. An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology. Artificial Life, 1:179--210, 1994.

....ecology have been presented. But, from the inception of Artificial Life, the creation of multispecies systems and its dynamics have been studied using computer individualbased models, in which each individual is represented explicitly, as opposed to dealing with variables like population. Tierra [13] was the first of such models, created specifically to model evolutive events like mass extinctions and the Cambrian diversity explosion. It obtained good results in showing the evolution of different strategies to survive, and the continuous creation of new species. avida system [14] is inspired ....

T. Ray. An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology. Artificial life, (1):195ff, 1994.

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T. S. Ray. An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology, zen and the art of creating life. Artificial Life, 1:195, 1994.

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Ray, T.S. (1994). An Evolutionary Approach to Synthetic Biology. Artificial Life 1, 195.

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