| C. Collberg, C. Thomborson, and D. Low, "Manufacturing Cheap, Resilient, and Stealthy Opaque Constructs," ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, San Diego, CA, 1998. |
....The above methods do not provide protection against software piracy to the extent that the method we have proposed does. Software watermarking and code obfuscation. Software watermarks [5] can be introduced in the software and rendered highly undetectable through code obfuscation transformations [3, 4, 8]. Code obfuscation can also be used to prevent reverse engineering of the software. In [8] the transformations employed flatten the control flow that is present in the original program and introduce new control flow in code segments that were originally straightline code segments. Aliases are also ....
C. Collberg, C. Thomborson, and D. Low, "Manufacturing Cheap, Resilient, and Stealthy Opaque Constructs," ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, San Diego, CA, 1998.
....consistently throughout the application. Such clean design is usually intended to make software more reliable, easier to maintain, and easier to incorporate new functionality. These same characteristics help the person who intends on circumventing the checks. Basic code obfuscation techniques [3] can be used to make this type of checking more difficult. These techniques can include obscure naming of modules and functions and violating modularity by having many implementations of the same functionality. The multiple implementations should certainly include the license check function, but ....
C. Collberg and C. Thomborson, and D. Low, "Manufacturing Cheap, Resilient, and Stealthy Opaque Constructs", ACM Symposium on the Principles of Programming Languages (POPL), January 1998.
....(local) perturbations. IPs, but each may contain many millions of syntactic fragments. By contrast, the World Wide Web contains millions of IPs, but each contains at most thousands of syntactic fragments. We adopt this set of assumptions because of common risks involved in code obfuscation [8] and requirements for hardware software maintenance (e.g. patches, incremental synthesis) The goal of the copy detection algorithm is to detect all procedures that have been copied from the original software. To perform this task, we have developed a copy detection mechanism operating at both the ....
C. Collberg, C. Thomborson, and D. Low, "Manufacturing Cheap, Resilient, and Stealthy Opaque Constructs", Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, 1998, pp. 184-196,
....that complete protection of client code is an unattainable goal [7] recent results (by ourselves and others) have shown that some degree of protection can be achieved. Recently, software watermarking [22] 28] 35] 60] tamper proofing [5] 6] 38] 77] and obfuscation [20] 23] 24] [25], 38] 49] 65] 92] have emerged as feasible technical means for the intellectual property protection of software. Other promising techniques, such as traitor tracing [14] secret sharing [8] reference states [39] and secure evaluation [2] 77] are still in the hands of theorists. ....
....implemented in software, this means preventing an attacker from reverse engineering the security sensitive part of the code. As far as we know, there do not exist any techniques for preventing attacks by reverse engineering stronger than what is afforded by obscuring the purpose of the code. In [25] and [24] we explore new approaches to code obfuscation, based on the following statement of the code obfuscation problem. Given a set of obfuscating transformations T = T, T, and a program 72 consisting of source code objects (classes, methods, statements, etc. St, k , find a new ....
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C. Coilberg, C. Thomborson, and D. Low, "Manufacturing Cheap, Resilient, and Stealthy Opaque Constructs," Proc. Syrup. Principles of Programming Languages (POPL '98), Jan. 1998. http:// www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/coilberg/Research/Publications/CollbergThomborsonLow98a /.
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