Stiny G, 1980, "Introduction to shape and shape grammars" Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 7, pp. 343351.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... =I = j I = H 3 This excludes fractals and other pathological outlines. which can be simplified to S = H H = H j Similar grammars can be constructed for the other sublanguages, with simplification possible in most cases. The idea of a grammar for shape is not new, cf. Stiny [ 1980 ] Leyton [ 1988 ] but our grammars are not closely related to this earlier work. 3.5 Relations amongst the subclasses Typically the smaller subclasses can be seen as homomorphic images of larger ones, under certain natural transformations involving a systematic loss of information. This ....

G. Stiny. Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 7:343--351, 1980.

....of sides, location, size, and orientation of each of those component shapes. For this purpose, a figure is an arrangement of a small number of shapes in the plane, where a shape is constructed from a connected series of line segments. For a more formal definition of shape, see, for instance, Stiny (Stiny, 1980)) A single point is also considered a shape. Potential ambiguities in the decomposition of a figure into shapes when the shapes overlap will be resolved by selecting shapes from a predefined, restricted set in which these ambiguities do not arise. Also, the color and texture of shapes will not be ....

Stiny, George. Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B, 7:343--351, 1980.

....All in all, the total number of basic genes will be the same in the flat and hierarchical models. Design Grammars for Genotype Representation Design grammars deal with a vocabulary of design elements and transformation on these elements and hence define a design space, Stiny and Mitchell, 1978; Stiny, 1980) While design grammars provide a syntactic generative capability, they lack the evaluative mechanisms for directing the generation towards meaningful solutions. Using a design grammar as the genotype representation in an evolutionary approach allows for the generation of meaningful solutions with ....

Stiny, G. (1980). Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and Planning B, 7:343-351.

.... manipulating objects in the context of design exploration (Stouffs and Krishnamurti 1994) Its uniform and consistent application to geometries of different dimensionality has been proven (Stouffs 1994) its application to attribute weighted geometries has been explored for certain attribute types (Stiny 1980, 1992; Knight 1989) 3 EXTENSIBILITY AND APPLICABILITY Requicha (1980) presents a list of properties or characteristics for the evaluation and comparison of geometric representations (see also Mntyl 1988) Some are formal properties, while others influence the design and implementation of a ....

Stiny, G. (1980) Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 7, pp. 343-351.

.... Shephard 1987#. Object emergence has been studied for some time #Gottschaldt 1926, Reed 1974, Kanizsa 1979# and is a recognised phenomenon experienced by virtually all humans. Symbolic models related to shapes and to a lesser extent to object emergence have been presented extensively by Stiny #Stiny 1980, 1981, 1986, 1990 #, by Krishnamurti #Krishnamurti 1980, 1981# and by Krishnamurti and Earl #Krishnamurti Earl 1992#. Tan #Tan 1990# presented a limited approach to shape emergence as have Edmonds and Sou# #Edmonds Sou# 1992#. In this paper we present a general and uniform symbolic ....

....#d# Figure 1: #a# Primary shape, #b# emergent shape, #c# Primary objects and #d# emergent object 2.5 Mapping to Geometry 2D Shapes is 2D are represented as a set of straight line segments, i.e. by the endpoints of each line segment. Two colinear line segments can be extended to a maximal line #Stiny 1980#. 5 Maximal lines can be extended to extended maximal lines and then to in#nite maximal line as shown in Figure 2 #Gero Yan 1994#. These extensions allow us to represent the primary shape as a set of in#nite maximal lines with geometrical and topological contraints. There are four mappings ....

Stiny, G. #1980#. Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and Planning B 7: 343#351.

....systems (e.g. EMYCIN and HEARSAY III [Waterman 1986] and Prolog [Kowalski 1979] ATNs (augmented transition networks) and shape grammars are other examples of production formalisms. An ATN [Woods 1970] is a recursive transition network to which are added some extra features. Shape grammars [Stiny 1980] are a special kind of production rules where the condition part as well as the action part consist of shapes. Production formalisms may be used for recognising as well as generating patterns. They have a number of advantages: 1. Low level modularity. Rules may easily be added, changed, or ....

Stiny, G.: "Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars", in: Environment and Planning B, vol 7, 1980, pp. 343-351.

....of as an active co operative process, where the role of alternatives are pivotal to progression within the conceptual phase, then it is critical that this issue be addressed by technologists. One mechanism for generating alternative solutions is the use of Shape Grammars, as proposed by Stiny [10]. This technique seeks to formally represent the rules and objects associated with a particular design style. In terms of its application to technology the approach offers a number of advantages: a method for formally representing existing design styles; Paper: Draft V1.5 a generative ....

Stiny, G. Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars, Environment and Planning B, Vol 7, (1980), 343-351.

....extended. Also, the authors did not propose a methodology for automating the process, a necessary step for producing a range of alternatives from which the designer can chose. Other means of representation is the use of formal grammars. Some of the earliest work in this area was performed by Stiny [98] who developed the concept of shape grammars. Shape grammars, which are used to describe planar shapes, have been shown to be equivalent to other types of formal grammars [33] More recently, Mullins and Rinderle [67] 83] Schmidt and Cagan [90] and Reddy and Cagan [81] have used grammars for ....

G. Stiny. Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars. Environment and Planning B. 7:343-351, 1980.

....to change the representation it is using. With the creation of a more and more complex evolved representation, the search space of the evolutionary process is transformed so that the search for new designs is biased towards designs similar to the design examples. 1. Introduction Shape grammars (Stiny, 1980) have been introduced as a method for formal descriptions of designs. Shape grammars consist of an alphabet of shapes, a starting shape, and shape rules that define spatial relations between shapes. The power of shape grammars to analyze and describe designs has been shown in a variety of design ....

Stiny, G.: 1980, Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 7, 343--351.

.... Shephard 1987) Object emergence has been studied for some time (Gottschaldt 1926, Reed 1974, Kanizsa 1979) and is a recognised phenomenon experienced by virtually all humans. Symbolic models related to shapes and to a lesser extent to object emergence have been presented extensively by Stiny (Stiny 1980, 1981, 1986, 1990 ) by Krishnamurti (Krishnamurti 1980, 1981) and by Krishnamurti and Earl (Krishnamurti Earl 1992) Tan (Tan 1990) presented a limited approach to shape emergence as have Edmonds and Soufi (Edmonds Soufi 1992) In this paper we present a general and uniform symbolic ....

....(d) Figure 1: a) Primary shape, b) emergent shape, c) Primary objects and (d) emergent object 2.5 Mapping to Geometry 2D Shapes is 2D are represented as a set of straight line segments, i.e. by the endpoints of each line segment. Two colinear line segments can be extended to a maximal line (Stiny 1980). Maximal lines can be extended to extended maximal lines and then to infinite maximal line as shown in Figure 2 (Gero Yan 1994) These extensions allow us to represent the primary shape as a set of infinite maximal lines with geometrical and topological contraints. There are four mappings ....

Stiny, G. (1980). Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and Planning B 7: 343--351.

....generation of graphic form include expert systems and shape grammars. Predikt applies expert system technology for the preliminary synthesis and critique of kitchen designs [16] The system is able to convert between semantic and graphic representations to articulate the designs. Shape grammars [20] are interesting in that they use the language of the designer, i.e. shapes, as the building blocks of domain rules. There have been shape grammars developed to explore a set of conventions [9] and others to extend an existing corpus of work such as, Palladian villas [21] Mughul gardens [22] and ....

Stiny, G., 1980. Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars, Environment and Planning B, 7:343351.

....It then goes on to develop an extended formulation of design where creative design is modeled within a closed world as a form of exploration which, here maps, onto meta search. An example is presented and the results derived from it are discussed. 4 Shape Grammars and Design Shape grammars (Stiny, 1980) have been used to generate design for many systems (Stiny and Mitchell, 1978; Stiny and Mitchell, 1980; Koning and Eizenberg, 1981; Fleming, 1987; Knight, 1986) They consist of a finite set of possible initial shapes and another finite set of shape transformation rules which are applied ....

Stiny, G. (1980). Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment & Planning B. 7: 343--351.

....designs produced by the parameterised design representations are a subset of those capable of being produced by the elementary building block representation, Figure 1. Examples of building block representations include constructive systems such as design grammars as exemplified by shape grammars (Stiny, 1980b) Examples of parameterised variable representations include a wide variety of design optimization formulations (Gero, 1985) The advantage of the use of the elementary building blocks representation is the coverage of the entire design space they provide, whereas the advantage of the ....

....space primarily includes designs which are all recognizably architectural layouts. In order to simplify our analysis we consider designs which are assembled from Evolving Building Blocks for Design Using Genetic Engineering 3 Figure 2. The set of building blocks for Froebel s kindergarten gifts (Stiny, 1980b) some finite collection of spatial elements (we call them building blocks or components) along with assembly rules. It is assumed that the assembly rules do not affect the components the design object is a union of non overlapping building blocks. We start with some set of building blocks ....

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Stiny, G. : 1980a, Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment & Planning B 7: 343-- 351.

....genotypes to produce new phenotypes which potentially improve the behaviours of the phenotypes represented by the combined genotype. The representation of the design genes is a research topic. Current work at the University of Sydney makes use of shape transformation rules and shape grammars (Stiny, 1980). Resultant forms (phenotypes) are produced by an ordered execution of the shape rules. One approach is to code the potential order of the rules as the genes and to evolve an order which, when applied over the rules, improves the resulting behaviours of the phenotype. The effect of combination is ....

Stiny, G.: 1980, Introduction to shapeand shapegrammars, Environmentand Planning B, 9: 359-367.

....this sub problem closely follows previous work in the use of physically based methods for interactive manipulation. The second portion of this section reviews this prior work. 2. 1 Shape Grammars in Architecture Shape grammars were first introduced to architecture by Stiny and Gips in the 1970 s [25, 24]. Since then, shape grammars have been used theoretically to describe the historical style of architectural designs [26, 7, 17] and to specify new forms [15] Shape grammars are appealing to architecture researchers because they are visual, and because they offer a formal mechanism for capturing ....

G. Stiny. Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 7(3):343--351, 1980.

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Stiny G, 1980, "Introduction to shape and shape grammars" Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 7, pp. 343351.

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Stiny, G. (1980). Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B, 7, 343-351. 41

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Stiny, G. (1980). Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 7: 343-351.

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Aided Design 23, 21-32. #6# G. Stiny, 1980. #Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars," Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 7, 409-462.

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Stiny, G. Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and Planning B, 1980, 7:343-351.

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Stiny, G. (1980). Introduction to shape and shape grammars, Environment and Planning B, 7:343-351.

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Stiny, G., Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars, Environment and Planning B, Vol. 7, 1980, 343-351.

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