D. Hitz, G. Harris, J. K. Lau, and A. M. Schwartz. Using Unix as one component of a lightweight distributed kernel for multiprocessor file servers. Winter USENIX Technical Conference (Washington, DC), 23-26 January 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....threat: outgoing DDoS attacks rather than two stage attacks. The ideas are complementary, and pushing D WARD all the way to the true sources (individual NIs) is an idea worth exploring. A substantial body of research has examined the execution of application functionality by network cards [13, 17] and infrastructure components [3, 11, 38, 39] Although scanners are not fully trusted, they are also not submitted by untrusted clients. Nonetheless, this prior work lays solid groundwork for resource management within network components. 6 Summary Self securing network interfaces are a ....

David Hitz, Guy Harris, James K. Lau, and Allan M. Schwartz. Using Unix as one component of a lightweight distributed kernel for multiprocessor file servers. Winter USENIX Technical Conference (Washington, DC), 23-26 January 1990.

....sometimes creates a visibility problem by making all requests appear to come from a single system. Self securing NIs allow similar checking in a multi purpose, scanner constraining platform. A substantial body of research has examined the execution of application functionality by network cards [15, 19] and infrastructure components [3, 14, 40, 42] Although scanners are not fully trusted, they are also not submitted by untrusted clients. Nonetheless, this prior work lays solid groundwork for resource management within network components. 7 Summary Self securing network interfaces are a ....

David Hitz, Guy Harris, James K. Lau, and Allan M. Schwartz. Using Unix as one component of a lightweight distributed kernel for multiprocessor file servers. Winter USENIX Technical Conference (Washington, DC), 23-26 January 1990.

....bene ts [3] Much of this work has used Myrinet NICs which have a low performance LanAI processor and little memory [8, 16, 40] The SPINE project [15] described o oading multimedia functionality to a processor on a NIC, although the focus is on safe code execution. The Auspex NFS server [18] handles NFS caching and communication on its Ethernet processors. The VMP network adapter board [22] discusses the possiblity of using the adapter as a rewall. However, the adapter was intended only to prevent the host from processing unwanted packets, rather than distributing security policy ....

David Hitz, Guy Harris, James K. Lau, and Allan M. Schwartz. Using Unix as one component of a lightweight distributed kernel for multiprocessor le servers. Winter USENIX Technical Conference (Washington, DC), 23-26 January 1990.

....optimized software and special purpose hardware that is dedicated to a specific application. Thus, the server can service requests more efficiently than a general purpose machine and operating system. These highly specialized systems have evolved to fill an important high performance market niche [Hitz90, Hitz94]. Architecturally, SID systems Figure 2 1 Server Attached Disks Server attached disks are the familiar LAN distributed filesystem or database system. The server is responsible for receiving client requests over the LAN (1) and transforming the request into a storage operation (2) The storage ....

....be included within appropriate chapters. The scalability problems of a centralized file server are widely recognized. Companies such as Auspex and Network Appliance have attempted to increase file server performance through the use of special purpose server hardware and highly optimized software [Hitz90, Hitz94]. In contrast, NASD attempts to increase server scalability by simplifying the job of the server rather than optimizing the server for data movement thus allowing low cost workstations to act as servers for high performance storage systems. About a decade ago, the storage industry moved from a ....

Hitz, D. et al., "Using UNIX as One Component of a Lightweight Distributed Kernel for Multiprocessor File Servers," Proceedings of the Winter 1990 USENIX Conference, 1990.

....are often too large to be serviced by a single low cost server. Hence, many installations either split the namespace of a single organizational unit over multiple servers or resort to specialized super fileservers that are large enough to centrally manage all storage for an organizational unit [Hitz90, Drapeau94]. Splitting the namespace leads to the hotspot problem familiar from multiple disk mainframe experience [Kim86] and can require frequent user directed namespace adjustment. Super fileservers can provide good performance, but are an expensive solution. Experience with disk arrays suggests ....

....the server machine before it reaches the network, but specialized servers can move this data more efficiently than general purpose machines. Since high performance distributed file service benefits the productivity of most users, this architecture occupies a high margin (profitable) market niche [Hitz90, Hitz94]. However, this approach binds the client to the chosen distributed file system, its semantics, and its performance characteristics. For example, most server integrated disks provide NFS file service whose inherent performance has long been criticized [Howard88] Since the marketplace has not ....

Hitz, D. et al., "Using UNIX as One Component of a Lightweight Distributed Kernel for Multiprocessor File Servers", Winter 1990 USENIX, pp. 285-295.

....of operating systems. Second, the host processors of the time were not powerful enough to run both multi tasking jobs and network protocol stacks efficiently [34 36] The logical apex of the greater and greater inclusion of protocol into the adapter is best exemplified by the Auspex NFS server [37]. Each component of the Auspex server (disk, network, NFS cache) has an I O processor that is specialized for NFS services. A lightweight kernel running on each I O processor controls the communication among the functional I O components of the NFS server. This separation of NFS services from the ....

D. Hitz, G. Harris, J.K. Lay and A.M. Schwartz. "Using Unix as One Component of a Lightweight Distributed Kernel for a Multiprocessor File Server." In Proceedings of the Winter 1990 USENIX Conference. 1990.

....is too often ad hoc, leading to the hotspot problem familiar in multiple disk mainframe systems [Kim86] and requiring frequent user directed load balancing. Not surprisingly, customdesigned high end file servers more reliably provide good performance, but can be an expensive solution [Hitz90, Drapeau94]. Experience with disk arrays suggests another solution. If data is striped over multiple independent disks of an array, then a highconcurrency workload will be balanced with high probability as long as individual accesses are small relative to the unit of interleaving [Linvy87, Patterson88, ....

....move through the server machine before it reaches the network, but specialized servers can move this data more efficiently than general purpose machines. Since high performance distributed file service benefits the productivity of most users, this architecture occupies an important market niche [Hitz90, Hitz94]. However, this approach binds storage to a particular distributed file system, its semantics, and its performance characteristics. For example, most server integrated disks provide NFS file service, whose inherent performance has long been criticized [Howard88] Furthermore, this approach is ....

Hitz, D. et al., "Using UNIX as One Component of a Lightweight Distributed Kernel for Multiprocessor File Servers ", Winter 1990 USENIX, pp. 285-295.

....system data in main memory on each client workstation. NFS does not attempt to use the client s local disk space as a cache, nor does it attempt to keep file data strictly coherent. Instead, periodic 1. The Auspex is built with special hardware to allow it to support this large number of clients [Hitz90]. invalidations of file attribute information ensure that new data eventually (within several seconds) replace any out of date cached copies. Once a file s attributes are invalidated, the next time the file is referenced the client will verify that its cached copy is current. If it is not, the ....

David Hitz, Guy Harris, James K. Lau, and Allan M. Schwartz. Using UNIX as One Component of a Lightweight Distributed Kernel for Multiprocessor File Servers. In Proc. of the Winter 1990 USENIX, pages 285--296, 1990.

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D. Hitz, G. Harris, J. K. Lau, and A. M. Schwartz. Using Unix as one component of a lightweight distributed kernel for multiprocessor file servers. Winter USENIX Technical Conference (Washington, DC), 23-26 January 1990.

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