AN Working Group, "Architectural framework for active networks," Draft: http://www.dcs.uky.edu/ calvert/arch-1-0.ps, June 1998. 24  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to perform dynamic changes to the node, and to the capsules. An implementation conforming to this architecture is described and compared with existing active network architectures. Keywords Active network, Architecture, Implementation, Dynamic, Extensible I. INTRODUCTION Active Networks [1], 2] 3] 4] is a new framework which allows programming to be taken into the network layer. Applications can inject packets into the network which have code associated with them. This code is then executed at the routers, or switches, as the packet propagates through the network. These ....

....are inherited from ANTS, but the architecture is much more dynamic. PANTS also offers additional features which are of interest for Routing and Bandwidth Sharing (more details can be found in [9] The Pants model is equivalent to an execution environment as described by the AN Working Group in [1]. Figure 1 shows a simplified layout of a pants node. The node OS is responsible for maintaining the resources of the node. These resources are fully available to the interface object. It is the task of the interface object to share and restrict access to these resources among capsules. The ....

AN Working Group, "Architectural framework for active networks," Draft: http://www.dcs.uky.edu/ calvert/arch-1-0.ps, June 1998.

....execution environments to perform tasks. It can also be used to evaluate the contribution of new features to an existing architecture. Our model captures an active IP network, i.e. the active nodes are part of a network that employs IPv4 routing. As in most currently suggested models [5] [7], packets arriving at a node (router) can be treated in two distinct ways: processed by some software centric process that is slow by nature, or forwarded via a fast track (called cutthrough in [7] that adds a negligible delay to the IP forwarding delay. The fast track, usually, involves some ....

....nodes are part of a network that employs IPv4 routing. As in most currently suggested models [5] 7] packets arriving at a node (router) can be treated in two distinct ways: processed by some software centric process that is slow by nature, or forwarded via a fast track (called cutthrough in [7]) that adds a negligible delay to the IP forwarding delay. The fast track, usually, involves some type of filtering that may be done in hardware or in software as part of the usual IP filtering. The slow track may be done in a physically different machine [5] or in an isolated environment and ....

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AN Working Group, "Architectural framework for active networks," URL http://www.cc.gatech.edu/ projects/canes/arch/arch-0-9.ps, August 31 1998, Version 0.9.

....their payloads. As a consequence, the active network approach opens up the possibilities of (1) computation on user data inside the network and (2) tailoring of the packet processing functions in network nodes according to service specific requirements. Active networks transport active packets [9] (also called capsules [10] Active packets carry programs, in addition to data. A network node executes such a program, which possibly modifies the nodes state and possibly generates further active packets to be sent over the outgoing links. Specifically, an active packet can include a program ....

.... (2) extracting application specific functionality to be integrated into the network layer, such as, application specific packet filtering functions and application specific packet routing ( 13] 14] 15] An architectural framework for active networks is being developed by the AN Working Group [9]. We believe that, for the active networking approach to have significant impact on the development of the telecom field, two major obstacles related to performance and security must be overcome. First, it must be possible to build active networking nodes that process packets at a rate ....

AN Architecture Working Group, "Architectural Framework for Active Networks," K. Calvert (editor) , 1998.

....of Section 3. 3 The Virtual Active Network (VAN) A Virtual Active Network (VAN) can be described as a graph of virtual active nodes interconnected by Virtual Links. Virtual active nodes are in this paper called Execution Environments (EEs) following the terminology of the AN working group [7]. An Execution Environment has resources attached to it in form of processing and memory resources, provided by the underlying active networking platform. Similarly, a Virtual Link has bandwidth allocated to it. We envision that a single (physical) active node can run several virtual active nodes ....

....services on the VAN. These services are only restricted by the specific Execution Environment(s) the VAN supports. Developing and defining Execution Environments for active networks is currently subject of intensive research. In our work, we base on the current state of the AN working group [7]) Third, as a general benefit of active networking the VAN concept enables rapid deployment of new network services. Deploying and upgrading network services is difficult and time consuming in today s networks, due to the closed, integrated architecture of network nodes. With the concept of ....

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AN Architecture Working Group, "Architectural Framework for Active Networks, " K. Calvert (editor), 1998.

....service abstraction. We call this service abstraction a Virtual Active Network (VAN) A VAN can be described as a graph of virtual active nodes interconnected by virtual links. Virtual active nodes can also be called Execution Environments (EE) following the terminology of the AN working group [7]. An EE has resources attached to it in form of processing and memory resources, provided by the underlying active networking platform. Similarly, a virtual active link has bandwidth allocated to it. During the provisioning phase, the customer and the provider cooperatively set up such a graph and ....

AN Architecture Working Group, "Architectural Framework for Active Networks," K. Calvert (editor), 1998.

....cells) inside traditional networks is limited to operations on the packet headers, primarily for routing purposes. Active networks break with this tradition by letting the network perform customized computation on entire packets, including their payloads. Active networks transport active packets [5] (also called capsules [1] Active packets carry programs, in addition to data. A network node executes such a program, which possibly modifies the nodes state and possibly generates further active packets to be sent over the outgoing links. Specifically, an active packet can include a program ....

....management protocol if desired. 4 The Virtual Active Network A Virtual Active Network (VAN) can be described as a graph of virtual active nodes interconnected by Virtual Links. Virtual active nodes are also called Execution Environments (EEs) following the terminology of the AN working group [5]. A virtual active node has resources attached to it in form of processing and memory resources, provided by the underlying active networking platform. Similarly, a Virtual Link has bandwidth allocated to it. We envision that a single (physical) active node can run several virtual active nodes ....

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AN Architecture Working Group, "Architectural Framework for Active Networks, " K. Calvert (editor), 1999.

....Network concept aims at providing a powerful generic service abstraction to the service providers. A Virtual Network consists of virtual active nodes interconnected by virtual links. Virtual active nodes are also called Execution Environments (EEs) following the terminology of the ANworking group [2]. A virtual active node has resources attached to it in form of processing time and memory, provided by the underlying active networking platform. Similarly, a virtual link has bandwidth allocated to it. A single physical active node can run several virtual active nodes belonging to different ....

AN Architecture Working Group, Architectural Framework for Active Networks, K. Calvert (editor), 1999.

....distributed task is identi ed by a globally unique number called a session id. When code associated with a non existing session arrives, it is executed and creates a process that handles all the packets of 1 The active engine can be perceived as a an execution environment in the context of [4]. 3 that session. Such a process can either handle only a single data packet and then terminate (capsule) or it can reside in the AE for a long period of time handling many data packets as required by many network management applications. The core of the AE is the Active Manager. This part ....

....that receives the reports. 8 import Act. import OurSnmp. public class capsule public static void main ( String args[ throws Exception DatagramPacket udppacket; Act session = new Act( 9) byte[ p = session.getProg( byte[ v = session.getInitVars( byte[ destip = new byte[4]; byte[ udpmsg; get target IP address for (int i=0;i 4;i ) destip[i] v[i 4] get hop number int hopnum = int) v[8] if (v[8] 127) System.out.println( too big. else v[8] prepare a new message byte[ newpck = new byte[p.length 9] for (int i=0;i p.length;i ) ....

AN Working Group. Architectural framework for active networks. URL http://www.cc.gatech.edu/projects/canes/arch/arch-0-9.ps, August 31 1998. Version 0.9.

.... be applied, e.g. to application aware routing, information caching, multi party communications, and packet filtering [19] From the management perspective, active networking technology enables rapid service deployment and flexible service management [3] Active networks transport active packets [2] (also called capsules in [19] Active packets contain programs or pointers to program modules, in addition to data. A network node executes such a program, which possibly modifies the node s state and possibly generates further active packets to be sent over outgoing links. In the case of an ....

....of Section 4. 4. The Virtual Active Network (VAN) A Virtual Active Network (VAN) can be described as a graph of virtual active nodes interconnected by Virtual Links. Virtual active nodes are in this paper called Execution Environments (EEs) following the terminology of the AN working group [2]. An Execution Environment has resources attached to it in form of processing and memory resources, provided by the underlying active networking platform. Similarly, a Virtual Link has bandwidth allocated to it. We envision that a single (physical) active node can run several virtual active nodes ....

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AN Architecture Working Group, Architectural Framework for Active Networks, K. Calvert (editor), 1998. 28

....a process can either handle only a single data packet and terminate (capsule) or it can exist in the AE for a long period of time handling many data packets as required by many network management applications. 1 The active engine can be perceived as a an execution environment in the context of [Gro98] 2 To perform network layer tasks, sessions must have access to the router s network layer data, such as, topological data (neighbor ids) routing data, performance data (packet dropped, packets forwarded, CPU usage etc. and more. We use SNMP as the interface between the router and the AE. ....

AN Working Group. Architectural framework for active networks. URL http://www.cc.gatech.edu/projects/canes/arch/arch-0-9.ps, August 31 1998. Version 0.9.

....service abstraction. We call this service abstraction a Virtual Active Network (VAN) A VAN can be described as a graph of virtual active nodes interconnected by virtual links. Virtual active nodes can also be called Execution Environments (EE) following the terminology of the AN working group [3]. An EE has resources attached to it in form of processing and memory resources, provided by the underlying active networking platform. Similarly, a virtual active link has bandwidth allocated to it. During the provisioning phase, the customer and the provider cooperatively set up such a graph and ....

AN Architecture Working Group, "Architectural Framework for Active Networks, " K. Calvert (editor), 1998.

....their payloads. As a consequence, the active network approach opens up the possibilities of (1) computation on user data inside the network and (2) tailoring of the packet processing functions in network nodes according to service specific requirements. Active networks transport active packets [1] (also called capsules [2] Active packets carry programs, in addition to data. A network node executes such a program, which possibly modifies the nodes state and possibly generates further active packets to be sent over the outgoing links. Specifically, an active packet can include a program ....

....node is given in Section 6. 4 The Virtual Active Network (VAN) A Virtual Active Network (VAN) can be described as a graph of virtual active nodes interconnected by Virtual Links. Virtual active nodes are also called Execution Environments (EEs) following the terminology of the AN working group [1]. A virtual active node has resources attached to it in form of processing and memory resources, provided by the underlying active networking platform. Similarly, a virtual active link has bandwidth allocated to it. We envision that a single (physical) active node can run several virtual active ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

AN Architecture Working Group, "Architectural Framework for Active Networks, " K. Calvert (editor), 1998.

....their payloads. As a consequence, the active network approach opens up the possibilities of (1) computation on user data inside the network and (2) tailoring of the packet processing functions in network nodes according to service specific requirements. Active networks transport active packets [11] (also called capsules [12] Active packets carry programs, in addition to data. A network node executes such a program, which possibly modifies the nodes state and possibly generates further active packets to be sent over the outgoing links. Specifically, an active packet can include a program ....

.... (2) extracting application specific functionality to be integrated into the network layer, such as, application specific packet filtering functions and application specific packet routing ( 15] 16] 17] An architectural framework for active networks is being developed by the AN Working Group [11]. We believe that, for the active networking approach to have significant impact on the development of the telecom field, two major obstacles related to performance and security must be overcome. First, it must be possible to build active networking nodes that process packets at a rate comparable ....

AN Architecture Working Group, "Architectural Framework for Active Networks, " K. Calvert (editor), 1998.

....support a topology blind addressing mode that enables a node to send a packet to the nearest active node in a certain direction. This mode is useful for topology learning, robust operation, support of heterogeneous (active 1 The AE can be perceived as an execution environment in the context of [6]. and non active) environment, etc. We also support the explicit addressing mode in which a packet is sent to a specific active node. Overall, we built a system that enables the safe execution and rapid deployment of new distributed management applications in the network layer. This system can ....

AN Working Group. Architectural framework for active networks. URL http://www.cc.gatech.edu/projects/canes/arch/arch-0-9.ps, August 31 1998. Version 0.9.

....facilitate this, we introduce novel architectural features such as: isolation of the active mechanism, the session concept, the ability of an active session to control non active packets, and blind addressing. 1 The active engine can be perceived as a an execution environment in the context of [Gro98] 3 Related Work Recently, research in active networking is gaining popularity. Some of the projects that currently contribute to research in this area are: ANTS in MIT [WGT98] KMH 98] in the University of Kansas; SwitchWare in U. Penn. AAH 98] BCZ97] in Georgia Tech. MeGa ....

AN Working Group. Architectural framework for active networks. URL http://www.cc.gatech.edu/projects/canes/arch/arch-0-9.ps, August 31 1998. Version 0.9.

....in terms of the common features and (3) to outline common issues that go beyond basic functionality and may be amenable to shared solutions. The reader is assumed to be familiar with active networking in general [8] and the architectural framework being developed by the architecture working group [3]. This document includes: ffl Terminology to discuss composition (Section 2) ffl A list of reference examples of composite service behavior (Section 3) A developer of a composition method might use this as a checklist to determine whether the method satisfies some of the range of desired ....

AN Architecture Working Group. Architectural framework for active networks. Ken Calvert, editor, 1998.

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AN Working Group, "Architectural framework for active networks," Draft: http://www.dcs.uky.edu/ calvert/arch-1-0.ps, June 1998. 24

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AN Working Group. Architectural Framework for Active Networks, http://www.dcs.uky.edu/~calvert/arch-1-0.ps June 1998

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AN Working Group, Architectural Framework for Active Networks, 3 rd July 1998.

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