G. Bouma and G. van Noord. Head-driven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results. In Sixth Conference of the European Chapter of the ACL, pages 71-80, April 1993.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....linguistics community has paid large attention to the head driven paradigm by investigating its applications to context free language parsing. Several methods have been proposed so far exploiting some nondeterministic head driven strategy for context free language parsing (see among others [6, 13, 2, 14]) All these proposals can be seen as generalizations to the head driven case of parsing prescriptions originally conceived for the left to right case. The methods above suffer from deficiencies that are also no ticeable in the left to right case. In fact, when more rules in the grammar share the ....

.... automaticMly satisfied) Head corner parsing well all algorithms in the remainder of this paper may loop exactly for the gram mars which are cyclic (where A A for some A) The head corner Mgorithm above is the only one in this paper which h already appeed in the literature, in different guises [6, 13, 2, 14]. Predictive HI parsing We say two rul A a and B a2 have a common infix a ifa = fly and a = fly, for some ill, 7 and y. The notion of common infix is an adaptation of the notion of common pmfix [8] to head grammars. If a grammar contains many common infixes, then HC parsing may be very ....

G. Bouma and G. van Noord. Head-driven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results. In Sixth Conference of the European Chapter of the ACL, pages 71-80, April 1993.

....the program are added to the chart. The addition of non unit clauses should be madc de pcndcnt on the goal and the base cases in order to go from a purely bottom up algorithm to a directed algorithm that combines the advantages of top down and bottom up processing. It has been repeatcdly noted [8, 17, 1] that directed methods are more efficient than pure top down or bottomup methods. ttowcver, it is not clear how well the directed methods are applicable to grammars which do [lot depend on concatenation and have no unique left corner which should be connected to the start symbol. It remains to ....

....corner which should be connected to the start symbol. It remains to I)e seen how bottom up EarIcy dcductiou compares with (and can be combined with) thc improved top down Earley deduction of l)Srre [3] Johnson [7] and Neumann [9] and to head driven methods with well formed substring tablcs [1], nd which methods are best suited for which kinds of problems (e.g. parsing, generation, uoisy input, incremental processing etc. 807 ....

Gosse Bouma and Gert jan van Noord. Headdriven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results. In EACL93, pages 71 - 80, Utrecht, NL, 1993.

....attribute value matrices are used to represent lexical entries and grammar rules and principles. For another, the grammar is head driven, i.e. the head constituent of a phrase is central. There is evidence that head driven parsing strategies are more efficient than other parsing strategies [2]. A semantic representation which makes use of feature structures to describe database 4 relations [16] is incorporated directly into the HPSG feature structures used by the parser. So syntactic and semantic processing can be done in parallel. The HPSG semantic representations are then ....

Bouma, Gosse, and Gertjan van Noord (1993). Head-Driven Parsing for Lexicalist Grammars: Experimental Results. In Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL-93), Utrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 71-80.

....that subjects of decide be things capable of mental 7 It would far exceed the bounds of this contribution to attempt to review the range of possibilities or issues in parsing. Some recent surveys are useful. Sikkel 1993 reviews the formal properties of a very wide range of parsing algorithms, Bouma and van Noord 1993 reviews the practical performance of a range of algorithms, controlling for grammar type, and Mitchell 1994 reviews the psycholinguistics of human parsing. 8 We ignore here and henceforth the status of the problematic reading in which a decision is attributed to a piece of furniture. Nothing ....

Bouma, G., and G. van Noord. 1993. Head-Driven Parsing for Lexicalist Grammars: Experimental Results. In Proc. of 6th European ACL, 71--80. Utrecht.

....This introduces some extra administrative burden on the parser (as it jumps up and down the sentence) but may lead to substantial savings if the semantic information captured in the head excludes possibilities that would have been explored without this information available. Bouma and van Noord [BN93] have done several experiments with head driven parsing and conclude (unsurprisingly) that the efficiency of the algorithm is critically dependent on the discriminative nature of the information captured in the heads. The parsing schema for Head Corner parsing presented in [SA96] has been extended ....

Bouma G., van Noord G. (1993): Head-driven Parsing for Lexicalist Grammars: Experimental Results. 6th Meeting of the European Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics, Utrecht, 71--80.

....come to look for these, you should also start by trying to find the main word, because this will tell you most about what else to look for . Head driven or head corner parsing has been addressed in several publications (Proudian and Pollard, 1985; Kay 1989; Satta and Stock 1989; van Noord 1991; Bouma and van Noord 1993). As the head driven approach is a heuristic, rather than a fail safe principle, it is important to pay attention to the worst case behaviour. This is best taken care of in a tabular approach like the bottom up headdriven parser by Satta and Stock. We enhance the tabular head driven parser with ....

Bouma, G. and van Noord, G. (1993) Head-driven Parsing for Lexicalist Grammars: Experimental Results. Proc. 6th European Chapter of the ACL, 71--80.

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Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord. Head-driven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results. In Sixth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Utrecht, 1993.

....can be made by identifying in which order the input string is traversed. Many algorithms proceed from left to right, but it has been observed that a bidirectional flow of control, as in head driven parsers (Kay 1989; van Noord 1993; Sikkel 1993; Nederhof and Satta 1994) has practical advantages (Bouma and van Noord 1993). Although the end result of parsing is always the same, the speed of different parsing algorithms may differ significantly. This is a relevant issue for a real time system such as OVIS. For this reason we are currently developing implementations of a number of different parsing algorithms. These ....

Bouma, G. and G. van Noord (1993). `Head-driven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results'. In Sixth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Utrecht.

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Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord. 1993. Headdriven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results. In Sixth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Utrecht.

....Satta (1994) van Noord (1991) van Noord (1993) argues that head corner parsing is particularly useful for parsing with non concatenative grammar formalisms. In Lavelli and Satta (1991) van Noord (1994) head driven parsing strategies for Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars are presented. Finally, Bouma and van Noord (1993) present some results indicating that head driven parsing strategies indeed can improve the average case time efficiency. These results are supported by preliminary experiments with the OVIS grammar. In these experiments we also find that the head corner parser uses much less space than other ....

....During the second phase (when a particular derivation is constructed) the probabilities are combined. Again we refer to the final version of the head corner parser in the appendix for the actual implementation. Acknowledgements Some of the introductory material of this report is taken from Bouma and van Noord (1993). Gosse Bouma and Mark Jan Nederhof provided useful feedback. 9.6 Appendix: Current Version of the Head corner Parser The current version of the head corner parser uses the following predicates. Note that we are still assuming that lexical lookup has already been performed. The variable names ....

Bouma, Gosse and Gertjan van Noord. 1993. Head-driven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results. In Sixth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Utrecht.

....TAG s (based on my paper on TAGs [13] TG : DCG for Dutch, originally used as illustration for semantic head driven generation ( 12, 11] Furthermore, some of the parsers were used for the timings of the paper co authored with G. Bouma on the potential efficiency of head driven parsing [1]. 4 The examples involving L A T E X and trees are only available if Treemaker is installed. 5 In order for TreeMaker to adjust the vertical distances between nodes, we first have to set the nodeskip flag to an appropriate value. For this example I gaven the Prolog command set ....

....the case where we want the command rx to restart the Tcl Tk interface. Furthermore, an optional argument of 0 or 1 indicates whether the shell should be stolen upon restart. This could be defined as follows: delcommand(mycmd) mycmd(restartx(Arg) rx] rxarg(Arg) rxarg(1) [1]. rxarg(0) 0] rxarg(0) addcommand(mycmd) 3.9 Viewing Prolog Definitions If you want to use Hdrug s built in facilities to view Prolog clauses, then it is neccessary that these clauses are accessible via the predicate user clause 2. The arguments of this predicate are the head ....

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Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord. Head-driven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results. In Sixth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Utrecht, 1993.

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Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord. 1993. Headdriven parsing for lexicalist grammars: Experimental results. In 6th Meeting of the European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Utrecht.

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Bouma G., van Noord G. (1993): Headdriven Parsing for Lexicalist Grammars: Experimental Results. 6th Meeting of the European Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics, Utrecht, 71--80.

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