M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communications. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work on ZEN. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [14] Conduit [15] System V STREAMS [16] ADAPTIVE [17] and F CSS [18] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....nonuniform access shared memory environment. 9] measures the performance of a Functional Parallelism process architecture for presentation layer and transport layer functionality on a shared memory multi processor. 10] measures the performance of a de layered, function oriented transport system [11] using Functional Parallelism on a message passing transputer multi processor platform. An earlier study [2] measured the performance of the OSI transport layer and network layer in a similar transputer environment. 12] also uses a multi processor transputer platform to measure the performance of ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

.... layer to layer flow control) that support the implementation and execution of protocol stacks that contain hierarchically related protocol functions [16] Advances in VLSI and fiber optic technology are shifting performance bottlenecks from the underlying networks to the communication subsystem [25]. Designing and implementing multi processor based communication subsystems that execute protocol functions and OS mechanisms in parallel is a promising technique for increasing protocol processing rates and reducing latency. To significantly increase communication subsystem performance, however, ....

....protocol processing. Certain methods of parallelizing protocol stacks incur significant synchronization overhead from managing locks associated with processing these shared objects [27] A number of process architectures have been proposed as the basis for parallelizing communication subsystems [25, 28, 27]. A process architecture binds one or more processing elements (PEs) together with the protocol tasks and messages that implement protocol stacks in a communication subsystem. Figure 7 (1) illustrates the three basic elements that form the foundation of a process architecture: 1. Control messages ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....an important target of a communication subsystem is to efficiently serve various applications with different requirements on top of a network using appropriate communication protocols. Therefore, a flexible approach has been developed. The Function based Communication Subsystem (FCSS) [16] offers a framework to flexibly configure protocols according to application needs providing a service integrated communication subsystem architecture based on the functional decomposition of communication protocols into separate protocol functions and mechanisms. Comparable but different ....

....of communication protocols into separate protocol functions and mechanisms. Comparable but different approaches in terms of their main research aspects are ADAPTIVE [17] or Da CaPo [18] 2 Protocol Configuration Regarded as an entire architecture, F CSS includes certain features and tools ([16] and [19] These features, e.g. fine grained QoS specification, such as with qualitative and quantitative criteria, flexibility, and automated protocol configuration, are supported and provided by tools. These tools are involved in the set up, maintenance, and termination of so called data ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems, " IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, pp. 507--518, May 1993.

....by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines that research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [39] Conduit [30] System V STREAMS [40] ADAPTIVE [41] and F CSS [42] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [32] Conduit [33] System V STREAMS [34] ADAPTIVE [35] and F CSS [36] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....of TAO s pluggable protocols framework is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems, as described below. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [33] System V STREAMS [34] Conduit [35] ADAPTIVE [36] and F CSS [37] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [27] Conduit [28] System V STREAMS [29] ADAPTIVE [30] and F CSS [31] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....multiplexing and demultiplexing, and layer to layer flow control) that exchange PDUs between the protocol layers (and transport system boundaries) on a local host. In addition, protocol family architecture services also supports de layered communication models (such as those described in [10, 16, 17]) In this case, the protocol family architecture services operate between the application interface, delayered transport system, and network interface. Applications, session architecture services, and protocol family architecture services all execute within a process environment provided by ....

.... process architectures fall into three general categories: horizontal, vertical, and hybrid [12] Although each process architecture has different structural and performance characteristics, it is possible to implement the same protocol family functionality (such as the OSI, TCP IP, and F CSS [16]) with any approach. 4.1 Horizontal Process Architectures Horizontal process architectures associate PEs with protocol layers or protocol tasks. Each PE performs certain protocol operations on PDUs that are then exchanged with neighboring PEs. Two common examples of horizontal process ....

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M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [26] System V STREAMS [27] Conduit [28] ADAPTIVE [29] and F CSS [30] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....greatly increases the effort required to customize conventional protocols to make them more suitable for particular application and high performance network pairings. Developing a single heavyweight protocol that efficiently supports every class of application and network appears to be infeasible [6]. One promising alternative is to devise mul vices (such as high speed network controllers) to support applications running on local, metropolitan, and wide area networks [3] tiple lightweight protocols that are customized for particular pairings of application QoS requirements and network ....

....in an unobtrusive and controlled manner to precisely pinpoint performance bottlenecks. 1. 2 Related Work The ADAPTIVE system is primarily influenced by the Programmable Network Prototyping System (PNPS) 7] the x kernel Avoca projects [4] the Function based Communication SubSystem (F CSS) [6], the Multi Stream Protocol (MSP) 8] and the Synthesis Kernel [9] PNPS is an environment for prototyping and experimenting with hardware implementations of MAC layer protocols. ADAPTIVE, on the other hand, focuses on prototyping and experimenting with software architectures for middle layer (OSI ....

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M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....address spaces. Therefore, intra process upcalls and subroutine calls are used to transfer messages up and down a protocol graph rather than more expensive asynchronous inter process communication techniques such as message queues. In contrast, task based process architectures (such as F CSS [53]) utilize asynchronous multiplexing and demultiplexing. In this scheme, message queues are used to buffer data passed between processes that implement a layered protocol graph. Since message queues do not necessarily block the sender, it is possible to concurrently process messages in each ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....and mechanisms. The structure and functionality of the ASX framework is described in greater detail in [6, 8, 7, 5] 3 Configuring High performance Distributed Communication Systems Parallel processing is a promising technique for improving the performance of distributed communication systems [10]. In this domain, flexible software configuration techniques are useful for configuring parallelism into communication systems. This section describes how the ASX framework has been used to conduct experiments with alternative process architectures on multi processor platforms. The ASX framework ....

.... ARCHITECTURE PE PE PE PE active active active active active active active MESSAGE OBJECT PE PROCESSING ELEMENT TASK OBJECT Figure 1: Process Architecture Components and Interrelationships of IPC (such as pipes or UNIX domain sockets) Task based process architectures are an intuitive, widelyused [1, 2, 10] means to structure parallelism. They map directly onto layered communication models using a producer consumer architecture, which is relatively simple to design and implement. In addition, it is straightforward to reconfigure task based process architectures at run time since protocol tasks ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....Second, the paper provides guidelines based on these results that indicate when and how to apply appropriate threading architectures. 1 Introduction Advances in VLSI and fiber optic technology are shifting performance bottlenecks from the underlying networks to the communication subsystem [1, 2]. A communication subsystem consists of protocol tasks and operating system mechanisms. Protocol tasks include connection establishment and termination, end to end flow control, remote context management, segmentation reassembly, demultiplexing, error protection, session control, and presentation ....

....Packard (HP) and Siemens Medical Engineering. support the implementation and execution of communication protocol stacks composed of protocol tasks [3] A promising technique for increasing protocol processing performance is to multi thread protocol stacks and execute them on multi processors [1]. Significant increases in performance are possible, however, only if the speed up obtained from parallelism outweighs the context switching and synchronization overhead associated with parallel processing. A context switch is triggered when an executing thread relinquishes its associated ....

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M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

.... layer to layer flow control) that support the implementation and execution of protocol stacks that contain hierarchically related protocol functions [15] Advances in VLSI and fiber optic technology are shifting performance bottlenecks from the underlying networks to the communication subsystem [26]. Designing and implementing multi processor based communication subsystems that execute protocol functions and OS mechanisms in parallel is a promising technique for increasing protocol processing rates and reducing latency. To significantly increase communication subsystem performance, however, ....

....to protocol processing. Certain methods of parallelizing protocol stacks incur significant synchronization overhead from managing locks associated with processing these shared objects [28] A number of process architectures have been proposed as the basis for parallelizing communication subsystems [26, 29, 28]. A process architecture binds one or more processing elements (PEs) together with the protocol tasks and messages that implement protocol stacks in a communication subsystem. Figure 7 (1) illustrates the three basic elements that form the foundation of a process architecture: 1. Control messages ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....inheritance. A black box framework is easier to use, but harder to design. very limited skills in fault tolerant distributed algorithms. Modeling Communications Several systems model communications but do not really address reliability issues, e.g. STREAMS [18] and the x Kernel [17] AVOCA [24] defines the notion of protocol objects, but not in the sense that BAST does; furthermore, it mainly applies to highperformance communication subsystems. Other systems offer reliable distributed communications, either based on groups as elemental addressing facilities, e.g. CONSUL [15] ISIS [1] ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy. A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 11(4):507--519, May 1993.

....lower performance than expected. Furthermore, most traditional communication subsystems support reliability related Quality of Services (QoS) aspects only. Missing aspects include, e.g. synchronization, security, or the negotiation of QoS. Communication subsystems like ADAPTIVE [1] F CSS ([2] and [3] and Da CaPo ( 4] and [5] try to reduce protocol complexity, increase protocol performance, and serve as well various QoS guarantees by introducing a protocol configuration approach. Further approaches for high speed communication systems are presented and classified in [6] The main ....

M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--518, May 1993.

....ISDNs [13] and ffl ITU T Recommendations for ATM, such as I.356 [6] and I. 371 [14] Furthermore, work on QoS in academia and industrial research centers include: ffl OSI 95 [15] ffl QoS A (Quality of Service Architecture) 16] 17] 18] ffl F CSS (Function based Communication Subsystem) [19], 20] ffl QoS Broker [21] 22] ffl CINEMA (Configurable Integrated Multimedia Architecture) 23] ffl QoS Management [24] ffl HeiTS (Heidelberger Transport System) 25] ffl Extended Integrated Reference Model [26] ffl TINA (Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture) 27] ....

....common functionality for both, such as data packet generation and data transmission. Therefore, a suitable configuration of a communication protocol can be determined by certain QoS parameters specified by an application. Approaches, such as the proposed flexible 14 protocol configurations [19], 47] and [48] require the tasks of updating their QoS parameter values. However in general, other areas of QoS oriented work (such as modern protocols [10] new architectures [49] enhanced service interfaces [19] 15] and operating system support [41] 31] cf. Subsection 5.4) have to be ....

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M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--518, May 1993.

....functionality, e.g. jitter control and synchronization, than a reliable file transfer, e.g. acknowledgements and checksumming, besides common functionality for both. Therefore, a suitable configuration of a communication protocol can be determined by QoS parameters specified by an application [7]. However in general, other areas of QoS oriented work (such as modern protocols [8] new architectures [9] enhanced service interfaces [7] 10] and operating system support [11] 12] which are taken up within the next Section 2, have to be regarded in an integrated manner, providing a ....

....common functionality for both. Therefore, a suitable configuration of a communication protocol can be determined by QoS parameters specified by an application [7] However in general, other areas of QoS oriented work (such as modern protocols [8] new architectures [9] enhanced service interfaces [7], 10] and operating system support [11] 12] which are taken up within the next Section 2, have to be regarded in an integrated manner, providing a suitable solution to QoS guarantees within a networking environment. Supposing that these approaches solve the lack of service flexibility (an ....

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M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for High-Performance Communication Subsystems, " IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--518, May 1993.

....No. NCR8907909. This research is also supportedin part by the University of California MICRO program. Additional support for this research was also provided by Nippon Steel Information and Communication Systems Inc. ENICOM) Hitachi Ltd. Hitachi America, and Tokyo Electric Power Company. ing [2]. Likewise, many conventional protocols do not offer a sufficiently diverse range of functionality(such as multicasting [3] inter stream synchronization [4] or adaptive error handling [5, 6] Moreover, it is difficult to modify the functionality of existing protocol implementations since they ....

.... on heterogeneous platforms (such as message passing transputers [9] and shared memory multi processors [10] The work described in this paper is based on the principles of a function based communication model that decomposes protocols into de layered protocol function and mechanism components [2]. The primary objectives of this functionbased model are to (1) enhance service flexibility and (2) increase the opportunities for processing protocol functions in parallel [11] For instance, applications may specify their qualitative and quantitative requirements via a flexible communication ....

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M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....Systems Inc. ENICOM) Hitachi Ltd. Hitachi America, and Tokyo Electric Power Company. applications. For example, excessive layering in communication models such as the OSI reference model results in redundant functionality and limits the potential for processing protocols on parallel platforms [1]. One method for addressing the inadequacies of traditional communication models and protocols involves creating application tailored protocols that execute efficiently on a variety of hardware and operating system platforms [2] This paper describes a suite of languages, resources, and tool ....

....platforms such as message passing transputers [3] and shared memory multi processors [4] In general, the application tailored protocols described in this paper share two related characteristics. First, they are based on a de layered communication model, rather than a conventional layered model [1]. Second, they are composed of reusable protocol function building blocks (such as acknowledgement, retransmission, segmentation, reassembly, and sequencing) These functions serve as resources that may be flexibly combined to generate efficient, de layered protocols. The special purpose language ....

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M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

....may require modifications to existing communication models, service interfaces, and protocol functionality. For example, layered communication models limit the potential for processing protocols on parallel platforms. They also include redundant functionality in multiple protocol layers [1]. Moreover, conventional transport service interfaces (such as those available in the OSI [2] and TCP IP [3] protocol suites) do not enable applications to specify certain service requirements (such as isochronous data delivery or inter stream synchronization) In addition, the next generation of ....

....that is being developed to help overcome this potential drawback. This framework provides specification notations and configuration languages that support the automated generation of customized protocols. These customized protocols are composed of reusable components known as protocol function [1]. Each protocol function performs a well defined protocol processing task such as flow control, error control, acknowledgment, and connection establishment. The framework presented in this paper facilitates the development of communication subsystems that adapt rapidly to changes in application ....

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M. Zitterbart, B. Stiller, and A. Tantawy, "A Model for HighPerformance Communication Subsystems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 11, pp. 507--519, May 1993.

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