A. Repenning and J. Ambach. Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing. In 12th IEEE Symp. on Visual Languages, pages 102-- 109, 1996.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....process to solve this problem by adding new rules. 3.1 Entering a New Rule by Demonstration New rules are entered using a visual by demonstration approach. We selected a visual by demonstration approach 4 to expressing rules because the Kidsim Cocoa Stagecast [2, 6] and the AgentSheets [21, 7] projects have contributed empirical evidence that this approach can be used by at least two populations of end users, namely children and teachers (for example, 19, 20, 22] For example, suppose the user s viewing of the explanation shows the system s use of the Base Layout Rule in inferring ....

A. Repenning and J. Ambach. Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing. In 12th IEEE Symp. on Visual Languages, pages 102-- 109, 1996.

....to this outlook, encouraging informal, loosely organized code repositories. This may be particularly true for the VPLs that are aimed at end users, whose software creations are not usually managed by anyone other than themselves. In fact, some recent commercial end user VPLs such as AgentSheets [13] and Stagecast (previously known by the names Cocoa and KidSim) 19] already provide just such repositories. This discussion of reuse will be confined to the use of an existing code component in place of creating a new component. In general, a component is any artifact of the software process, ....

A. Repenning and J. Ambach. Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing, IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages (Sept. 1996) 102-109.

....which support programming by direct manipulation of objects. Of these, the most closely related to our work are those featuring a declarative approach, which to date have followed either the rule based or the constraint based paradigm. KidSim Cocoa [Cypher and Smith 1995] and Visual AgenTalk [Repenning and Ambach 1996] are demonstrational systems that use direct manipulation to specify declarative graphical rewrite rules. Although the approaches used by these systems have some similarity to ours in their support for directness using a declarative mechanism, they do not provide full featured, declarative ....

A. Repenning and J. Ambach, "Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing," 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, Boulder, Colorado, September 3-6, 1996, 102109.

.... have had success with this paradigm [Ambler et al. 1997; Rader et al. 1997; Rader et al. 1998] examples include KidSim Cocoa Stagecast (a series of names for an evolving programming tool for children) Cypher and Smith 1995; Heger et al. 1998] Altaira [Pfeiffer 1998] and Visual AgentSheets [Repenning and Ambach 1996]. Another reason for the integration of rules comes from our own experience as programmers in our previous spreadsheet based language, Forms 3 [Burnett and Gottfried 1998] When writing Forms 3 applications, we found that, whereas in some applications, we wanted to express logic in pull terms ....

A. Repenning and J. Ambach, "Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing," 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, Boulder, Colorado, Sept. 3-6, 1996, 102-109.

....techniques and finally launched into the information universe. Using an extended hybrid agent principle (see Figure 4) agents and components from third parties can be further composed together by applying graphical techniques such as visual rule editing (see KIDSIM pp. 54ff in [3] and [7]) and wiring [4] Figure 4: Hybrid agent principle. This design of agents is regarded as a prerequisite for the specification of ad hoc enduser centered tasks. Thus, the construction enables to combine existing services to create new, more specialized services in a flexible manner. Furthermore, ....

Alexander Repenning, et. al., "Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing", Proceedings of Visual Languages 1996, Boulder, Colorado: IEEE Computer Society.

....of and skill in using the modeling software. By the time the students complete an introductory series of activities which includes the two in this case study, they should understand and program well enough to create their own models. In our case study, the modeling software is Visual AgentTalk [16, 17, 18], a rule based visual programming system. The initial conception of the Build A Flower activity was that children would build two model flowers using a set of flower parts provided for them. If the parts of their flowers were properly arranged, a model bee (also provided) would carry pollen from ....

Repenning, A. and Ambach, J. Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing. Proceedings of the Visual Languages Conference, Boulder, CO, 1996.

....example. The notion of informal, evolving repositories seems to be of rising interest for visual programming languages (VPLs) For example, one of Visual AgenTalk s goals is that Environments should allow [end user programmers] to share, with very little effort, programs and program fragments [19]. For VPLs with this kind of goal, we have been working on an approach to facilitate code reuse under such an informal, evolving repository, and in this paper we present our early results. We will confine our definition of reuse to the use of an existing code component in place of creating a new ....

A. Repenning and J. Ambach. Tactile programming: A unified manipulation paradigm supporting program comprehension, composition and sharing. Proc. IEEE Symp. on Visual Languages, 102-109, Boulder, CO, Sept. 1996.

.... a hard task [Rader, Brand, Lewis 1997] In the past we have explored the use of new end user programming paradigms such as Graphical Rewrite Rules [Repenning 1994; Repenning 1995; Smith 1996; Smith, Cypher, Spohrer 1994] analogies [Craig 1997; Perrone Repenning 1998] and Tactile Programming [Repenning Ambach 1996] to significantly lower the threshold of programming. While end user programming is a highly effective means to build tailored simulations, there is a need for a more general framework to use and design simulations. This paper briefly presents the AgentSheets simulation authoring tool, introduces ....

....and create new agents. It employs a new approach to end user programming called Tactile Programming. Tactile Programming primitives and programs not only have enhanced Tactile Programming is well suited for collaborative use since it eases composition, comprehension and sharing of behaviors [Repenning Ambach 1996]. A wide spectrum of users, ranging from elementary school students with no programming background to scientists have used AgentSheets and VAT to create interactive simulations and games in a variety of disciplines, including computer science, environmental design, fine art, robotics, music, ....

Repenning, A., & Ambach, J. (1996). Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing. In Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium of Visual Languages, (pp.

....primitives and programs not only have enhanced visual representations to help program readability, but also have interactive interfaces to assist with program writability. Tactile Programming is well suited for collaborative use since it eases program composition, comprehension and sharing [Repenning and Ambach 1996] of behaviors. A wide spectrum of users, ranging from elementary school students with no programming background to scientists, have used AgentSheets and VAT to create interactive simulations and games in a variety of disciplines including computer science, environmental design, fine art, ....

Repenning, A. and Ambach, J. 1996. Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing. InProceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium of Visual Languages (Boulder, CO). Computer Society, 102109.

....agents as shareable computational units that can be created and exchanged over the web. AgentSheets is used to create SimCity TM like interactive simulations, domain oriented visual programming environments, games and infobots. Combined with its novel programming approach, Visual AgenTalk (VAT) [Repenning and Ambach 1996], AgentSheets is a versatile computational medium for a variety of computer end users ranging from K 12 students to professionals. Over 1000 applications have been created with AgentSheets in areas including education, art, computer science, biology, medicine, and engineering. Users of ....

....activity. In contrast to the original before and after graphical rules based language [Bell and Lewis 1993, Furnas 1991, Kirsch 1964] used in AgentSheets [Repenning 1994] and KidSim Cocoa [Smith, et al. 1994] the new Visual AgenTalk language was designed with web based collaboration in mind [Repenning and Ambach 1996]. This kind of support requires that computational artifacts can be easily shared [MacLean, et al. 1990] comprehended and modified. Agents as Social Currency The Behavior Exchange [http: www.agentsheets.com behavior exchange.html] an evolving web based information space, allows users to ....

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Repenning, A. and Ambach, J., 1996. Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing. InProceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium of Visual Languages (Boulder, CO). Computer Society, 102-109.

....literacy . In this paper, we describe a number of simulations that have served as tools for a variety of lifelong learners, ranging from elementary school students to professionals. These simulations were all created with the Visual AgenTalk language (VAT) employed by the AgentSheets system (Repenning Ambach, 1996). Elementary Schools: EcoWorlds Current reform efforts in science education emphasize constructivist pedagogies (Yager, 1995) approaches that place students at the center of the sense making process and suggest that students learn by actively building their own understanding of a topic. One ....

Repenning, A., & Ambach, J. (1996). Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing. Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium of Visual Languages, Boulder, CO.

....they live) to environmental design professionals simulating issues of sustainability in city planning, we hope to start a process of reconceptualization. Specifically, this paper outlines the notion of bricolage as a way to think about programmers and programming, and uses the Agentsheets system [15 17] to illustrate how bricolage can be supported with a so called behavior processor. A first step toward creating a bricolage environment is to reconceptualize programming as a more domain oriented process [5] that is more closely related to the actual problems to be solved. It is crucial to ....

....can be described as negotiational rather than planned in advance. Bricoleurs are tinkers using what they got, improvise, and make do. Behavior Processors The role of a behavior processor is to support bricoleurs in creating, modifying, combining, and sharing behaviors. The Agentsheets system [15 17] is a behavior processor supporting a wide range of users to create SimCity TM like interactive simulations. These simulations can be compiled down into Java applets that can be embedded directly into web pages. An agentsheet is an agent based spreadsheet typically containing a large number of ....

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Repenning, A., and J. Ambach, "Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing," Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium of Visual Languages, Boulder, CO, Computer Society, 1996, pp. 102-109.

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Repenning, A., Ambach, J. (1996b). Tactile Programming: A Unified Manipulation Paradigm Supporting Program Comprehension, Composition and Sharing. In Proceedings of Visual Languages `96.

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