Smith, Neilson V. (1973). The acquisition of phonology: A case study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... motor control hasn t yet mastered it, can run afoul of the fact that children who systematically avoid a given structure in their linguistic productions can often easily imitate it (e.g. Menn and Matthei 1992:220) More problematic still for this hypothesis are children like those studied by Smith (1973:149) they produce, for instance, p#dcl] and [ wk] but for puzzle and sick puddle and thick are produced [p#gcl] and [fwk] 1 Even subtle formulations of the performance difficulty hypothesis would seem to entail that generative grammar has little to say about production in particular, no ....

.... central to much of that literature: even children with extremely limited phonological production have underlying forms which relatively closely approximate the adult form (Demuth, in press, Pater and Paradis, in press, Bernhardt and Stemberger 1995, Gnanadesikan 1995, Levelt 1995; see also Smith, 1973). For we shall see how one and the same child grammar can permit the acquisition of a rich set of underlying forms which can be effectively used during comprehension, even though during production 4 Paul Smolensky On the Comprehension Production Dilemma most of the underlying distinctions are ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Smith, Neilson V. 1973. The acquisition of phonology: A case study. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

....between segmental comprehension and production; this is likely due to two factors. First, there is a great deal of anecdotal evidence that supports the view that when children reduce many segmental distinctions, they respond appropriately to minimal pairs containing such distinctions (see e.g. Smith 1973, Menn and Matthei 1992) Most child language researchers probably see the existence of a comprehensionproduction gap as not requiring experimental validation. Second, there are a number of methodological hurdles to setting up perceptual experiments with children in the 18 month to 30month age ....

....receptively acquire initially stressed bisyllables before finally stressed ones. The acquisition of initially stressed bisyllables before finally stressed ones is clearly paralleled in production. In an early stage of acquisition, English and Dutch children truncate intial unstressed syllables (Smith 1973, Ingram 1974, Allen and Hawkins 1978, Echols and Newport 1992, Fee 1992, Fikkert 1994, Gerken 1994, Wijnen, Krikhaar, and den Os 1994, Demuth 1995) The difference between the two word types is illustrated by the following near minimal pairs of adult targets produced by Trevor (Compton and ....

Smith, Neil. 1973 The acquisition of phonology: a case study, Cambridge University Press.

.... grammarians have postulated the need for rules in order to account for the patterns found in natural languages (Chomsky Halle, 1968) In addition, much of the acquisition literature within this framework requires the child to map underlying representations to a surface realization via rules (Smith, 1973; Macken, 1980) On this account, statistical learning is assumed to play little or no role in the acquisition process; instead, abstract rules have been claimed to constitute the fundamental basis of language acquisition and processing. Recently, an alternative approach has emerged emphasizing ....

Smith, N.V. (1973). The Acquisition of Phonology: A case study.

.... motor control hasn t yet mastered it, can run afoul of the fact that children who systematically avoid a given structure in their linguistic productions can often easily imitate it (e.g. Menn and Matthei 1992:220) More problematic still for this hypothesis are children like those studied by Smith (1973:149) they produce, for instance, p#dcl] and [ wk] but for puzzle and sick puddle and thick are produced [p#gcl] and [fwk] 1 Even subtle formulations of the performance difficulty hypothesis would seem to entail that generative grammar has little to say about production in particular, no ....

.... central to much of that literature: even children with extremely limited phonological production have underlying forms which relatively closely approximate the adult form (Demuth, in press, Pater and Paradis, in press, Bernhardt and Stemberger 1995, Gnanadesikan 1995, Levelt 1995; see also Smith, 1973). For we shall see how one and the same child grammar can permit the acquisition of a rich set of underlying forms which can be effectively used during comprehension, even though during production 3 Paul Smolensky On the Comprehension Production Dilemma most of the underlying distinctions are ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Smith, Neilson V. 1973. The acquisition of phonology: A case study. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

.... grammarians have postulated the need for rules in order to account for the patterns found in natural languages (Chomsky Halle, 1968) In addition, much of the acquisition literature within this framework requires the child to map underlying representations to a surface realization via rules (Smith, 1973; Macken, 1980) On this account, statistical learning is assumed to play little or no role in the acquisition process; instead, abstract rules have been claimed to constitute the fundamental basis of language acquisition and processing. Recently, an alternative approach has emerged emphasizing ....

Smith, N. V. (1973). The Acquisition of Phonology: A case study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

.... because the resulting back propagated error derivatives would be very small (due to the large number of intervening layers of units) and because children seem relatively insensitive to the semantic plausibility of their own utterances (e.g. the fis phenomenon; Berko Brown, 1960; Dodd, 1975; Smith, 1973). Testing Procedure The network was trained on 3.5 million word presentations and babbling episodes. Although this may seem like an excessive amount of training, children speak up to 14,000 words per day (Wagner, 1985) or over 5 million words per year. For each word presentation, the network was ....

....of 400 words) and considering the network s utterance correct if the best matching adult utterance was one of the 20 instances of the word. Much of the most important evidence on the nature of phonological development comes from an analysis of children s speech errors (Ingram, 1976; Menn, 1983; Smith, 1973; see Bernhardt Stemberger, 1997, for review) Although a comprehensive account of the systematicity and variability of child speech errors remains a long term goal of the current approach, an initial attempt can be made by examining the nature of Plaut and Kello The Emergence of Phonology the ....

Smith, B. L. (1973). The acquisition of phonology: A case study. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

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Smith, Neilson V. (1973). The acquisition of phonology: A case study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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