Citations: Multicast Routing: Protocol Specification

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A.J. Ballardie. Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) Multicast Routing Protocol Specification. Internet draft, July 1997. Work in progress.

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A QoS-Aware Switching Mechanism Between The Two Modes of.. - Filali, Dabbous (2002) (Correct)

....of PIM SM. We believe that the use of a mechanism based on the coordination between the concerned receivers to switch between the RPT and the SPT will be more efficient and can fulfill to PIM SM original intentions and make it more efficient comparing to other routing protocols and especially CBT [1]. The design of an efficient switching mechanism involves three major parts. The first part is the development of a decision algorithm that allows receivers to decide when they should request the switching from the RPT to the SPT and vice versa. When such decision is done, the second part ....

....new PIM messages used to handle the switching between the RPT and the SPT. The performance evaluation of the mechanism will be the subject of Section 6. Finally, Section 7 concludes our work and outlines some future issues. 2 Background and Motivation 2. 1 Background Similar to the CBT protocol [1], PIM Sparse Mode (PIMSM) 4] is designated to restrict multicast traffic to only those routers interested in receiving it. PIM SM constructs a multicast distribution tree around a router called a rendezvous point (RP) This rendezvous point plays the same role as the core in the CBT protocol; ....

A. Ballardie, Core Based Trees (CBT Version 2) Multicast Routing: Protocol Specification, Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 2189, September 1997.

Multicast Routing and Bandwidth Dimensioning in Overlay Networks - Shi, Turner (2002) (5 citations) (Correct)

....RELATED WORK The Multicast Backbone (Mbone) 7] is the best known and widely adopted multicast overlay network. The Mbone is implemented as tunnels at the network layer and implements distance vector multicast routing protocol [2] Other standard routing protocols include: core based tree (CBT) [3], protocol independent multicast (PIM) 8] and most recently, source specific multicast (SSM) 15] All of these routing protocols build shortest path trees from data sources or from the core node of a session, to minimize network delay. There are a number of application level multicast services ....

A. Ballardie. Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) Multicast Routing - Protocol Specification. RFC 2189, September 1997.

Efficient Planning of Satellite-Terrestrial Hybrid.. - Filali, Dabbous, Kamoun (2001) (Correct)

....not scale well to groups that span the Internet. Multicast routing protocols like DVMRP [14] and PIM DM [4] periodically flood data packets throughout the network. MOSPF [12] floods group membership information to all the routers so that can build multicast distribution trees. Protocols like CBT [2] and PIM SM [6] scale better by having the members explicitly join a multicast distribution tree routed at a core router. CBT was proposed in the research literature and standardized by the IETF but, it has not been significantly deployed because it exhibits greater traffic concentrations [3] ....

A. Ballardie, Core Based Trees (CBT Version 2) Multicast Routing: Protocol Specification, IETF, RFC 2189, September 1997.

A Delay-Constrained Protocol for Shared Multicast Tree.. - Bettahar, Bouabdallah (Correct)

....mechanism. The proposed protocol scales well due to the reduced search phase which is limited to only available links. Key words: Multicast protocol, shared tree, QoS, delay constraint, bandwidth. 1 Introduction The use of shared tree in Multicast Routing Protocol such as PIM SM [5] and CBT [1] presents an efficient solution to the scaling problems of Shortest Path Source Trees [9] Unfortunately most proposed Shared Tree mechanisms are based on the search of the shortest path towards the core, and hence they have no delay guarantee between sources and receivers. This is a critical ....

A. Ballardie, B. Cain, and Z. Zhang. Core Based Trees (CBT version 3) Multicast Routing protocol specification, work in progress, internet draft, draft-ietf-idmr-cbt-v3-00.txt, March 1998.

Design of Ovelay Networks for Internet Multicast - Shi (2002) (Correct)

....of this partial speedup within a group, it is conceivable to have some form of multicast gateway services that bridge the native multicast in local networks to the overlay multicast session. We will leave this as future work. The existing IP multicast protocols: DVMRP [4] MOSPF [52] CBT [5], PIM [22] and SSM [36] all create shortest path trees (SPT) for data dissemination. Both DVMRP and MOSPF create a per source based shortest path tree, CBT and PIM SM create a shared shortest path tree rooted at the core or the Rendezvous Point (RP) and SSM is a singlesource multicast ....

A. Ballardie. Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) Multicast Routing - Protocol Specification. RFC 2189, September 1997.

Aggregated Multicast - A Comparative Study - Cui, Kim, Maggiorini.. (2002) (7 citations) (Correct)

....shared tree. For the convenience of discussion, we call the former category as source specific tree scheme, and the latter one as shared tree scheme. According to this classification, we can say, DVMRP [11] PIM DM [4] and MOSPF [10] belong to source specific tree scheme category, while CBT [3], PIM SM [6] and BIDIR PIM [9] are basically shared tree schemes (of course, PIM SM can also activate source specific tree when needed) Source specific tree scheme constructs a separate delivery tree for each source. Namely, each Multicast S2 Multicast S1 R 2 S 2 2 R 1 (a) Source Specific ....

A. Ballardie. Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) multicast routing: protocol specification. IETF RFC 2189, September 1997.

Aggregated Multicast - A Comparative Study - Cui, Kim, Maggiorini.. (2002) (7 citations) (Correct)

....shared tree. For the convenience of discussion, we call the former category as source specific tree scheme, and the latter one as shared tree scheme. According to this classification, we can say, DVMRP [12] PIM DM [5] and MOSPF [11] belong to source specific tree scheme category, while CBT [3], PIM SM [7] and BIDIR PIM [10] are basically shared tree schemes (of course, PIM SM can also activate source specific tree when needed) Source specific tree scheme constructs a separate delivery tree for each source. Namely, each source of a group utilizes its own tree to deliver data to the ....

A. Ballardie. Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) multicast routing: protocol specification. IETF RFC 2189, September 1997.

Routing in Overlay Multicast Networks - Shi, Turner (2002) (36 citations) (Correct)

....Work The Multicast Backbone (Mbone) 5] is the best known and widely adopted multicast overlay network. The Mbone is implemented as tunnels at the network layer and implements the distance vector multicast routing protocol [2] Other standard routing protocols include: core based tree (CBT) [3], protocol independent multicast (PIM) 6] and most recently, source specific multicast (SSM) 8] All of these routing protocols build shortest path trees from data sources or from the core node of a session, to minimize network delay (although not necessarily, the total traffic in the network) ....

A. Ballardie. Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) Multicast Routing - Protocol Specification. RFC 2189, September 1997.

Routing in Overlay Multicast Networks - Shi, Turner (2000) (36 citations) (Correct)

....WORK The Multicast Backbone (Mbone) 5] is the best known and widely adopted multicast overlay network. The Mbone is implemented as tunnels at the network layer and implements the distance vector multicast routing protocol [2] Other standard routing protocols include: corebased tree (CBT) [3], protocol independent multicast (PIM) 6] and most recently, source specific multicast (SSM) 8] All of these routing protocols build shortest path trees from data sources or from the core node of a session, to minimize network delay (although not necessarily, the total traffic in the network) ....

A. Ballardie. Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) Multicast Routing - Protocol Specification. RFC 2189, September 1997.

Optimization of Hierarchical Multicast Trees in ATM Networks - Barakat, Rougier (1998) Self-citation (Trees) (Correct)

....and the heavy computation they require. Also, they cannot easily cope with the dynamic change in group membership, as they must be restructured periodically. Other type of shared trees have been designed, in order to be more easily implemented. The most widely used is the Center Based Tree (CBT [11], PIM [14] With CBT, a particular node of the network is selected as the center (designated Core in CBT or Rendezvous Point in PIM) The members join the shared tree by connecting the center (along the shortest path) see figure 2. This solution reduces the information volume needed to ....

T. Ballardie, B. Cain, and Z. Zhang. Core Based Trees (CBT version 3) Multicast Routing Protocol Specification.Internet draft, March 1998, Work in progress.

Distributed Interactive Media - Mauve (2000) (10 citations) Self-citation (Version) (Correct)

....is to use a shared multicast tree for all senders that wish to transmit packets to a given group of receivers. The two most important representatives of this class are the Protocol Independent Multicast Routing Protocol in Sparse Mode (PIM Sparse Mode) 11] and the Core Based Trees (CBT) [4]. Protocols in this class define specific routers as rendezvous routers. Each group of receivers has one such rendezvous router. As shown in Figure 6, a shared multicast tree is built with the rendezvous router as the root node and the routers of the receivers LANs as leaf nodes. Senders that ....

.... image data case SFInt32: SIGNEDINT see notes case MFInt32: UINT(32) nInt number of elements in arry SIGNEDINT[nInt] integer values case SFNode: NODE case MFNode: UINT(32) nNode number of elements in array NODE[nNode] nodes case SFRotation: see notes FLOAT[4] case MFRotation: UINT(32) nRotation number of elements in array FLOAT[4 nRotation] rotation values case SFString: STRING case MFString: UINT(32) nString number of elements in array STRING[nString] string values case SFTime: DOUBLE case MFTime: UINT(32) nTime number of ....

A. Ballardie, B. Cain and Z. Zhang. Core Based Trees (CBT version 3) Multicast Routing - Protocol Specification. Internet Draft, 1998. Work in progress.

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A.J. Ballardie. Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) Multicast Routing Protocol Specification. Internet draft, July 1997. Work in progress.

Reducing Multicast Traffic Load for Cellular Networks using.. - Li Lao Jun-Hong (2005) (Correct)