M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E. J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. In Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....and adding the target class name into the roleSet of the object. Through update propagation, this kind of object migration can also be carried out in the same way as the first situation. 7 Related Work In the recent years, a lot of view mechanisms have been developed for OODBs. Most of them [20] [10][9] 1] 17] 15] were realized based on query processing. There are mainly two ways to perform query processing on views. One way is to materialize the derived classes. The other way is to get rid of derived classes by transforming a query into an equivalent set of subqueries which refer to the ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten and EJ. Neuhold, ViewSystem:Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views, Proc. of IEEE 6th Int. Conf. on Data Engineering, pp. 210 (1990)

....of InterBase KB with our previous research. 3 2.1 Schema Integration There are two broad categories for integrating the schemata of individual, heterogeneous databases. Object Oriented (common) data model. Most of the existing approaches for schema integration belong to this category [32, 21, 20, 3, 10]. The databases participating in the federation are mapped to a common data model, which most commonly is object oriented that acts as an interpreter among them. Furthermore, a common view that hides the structural differences on the schemas of the heterogeneous databases offers integration ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold, "ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views," Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Data Engineering, 1990, pp. 2-10.

....of a concrete warehouse configuration. 3. 1 The Global Data Model The SIRIUS global data model is based on the object oriented data model of the Object Database Management Group (ODMG) standard [5] Similar to other projects focusing on data integration in heterogeneous environments [22, 26, 2, 19], we exploit the rich semantic expressiveness of object oriented data models for representing the structure of operational data in the SIRIUS intermediate layer residing between operational sources and the DWH. Moreover, choosing the ODMG model as the global model of SIRIUS allows us to take ....

M. Kaul, K. Dorsten, E.J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. Proc. of the 6th Intl. Conf. on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, California, February 1990. - 30 -

....external databases were mapped to schemas in the common data model, and similar schema constructs from di erent schemas were integrated into generalization hierarchies. Subsequently, many other systems were proposed or implemented with integration based on an outerjoin or generalization mechanism [1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 23, 31, 36, 33],aswell as systems which allowed for more general ways in which objects may be related or merged [5, 15, 24, 37, 42] The systems and techniques just referenced all provide support for what was referred to as data integration in the previous section. Data integration is the process of merging ....

M. Kaul, K. Drostern,andE.Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integratingheterogeneous informationbasesby object-orientedviews. In ##### ## ### ##### ##### ## #### ###########,pages 2-10, Los Angeles, Feb.1990.

....providing users with a uniform access to all the databases. The integration of several database systems will result in a distributed, heterogeneous database system. Many researchers have focused their work on the data model and the query and update language of such a system[LR 82, TBC 87, NS 88, KDN 90] Others focus on transaction management [BS 88, BST 90, DE 89, DEL 89, GS 87, LT 89, Pu 88, WV 90] A global transaction in an integrated database system is executed by the different existing database systems. Hence, the global transaction management has to deal with different existing ....

....locks of local transactions are released before the end of the according global transaction. Currently, both the multi level transaction model and our new atomic commitment protocol are being implemented in the object oriented database system VODAK, which is developed at our institute [DKT 88, KDN 90, Kla 90, KNS 88, NGPT 90, RGN 90] VODAK serves as the global database system for the integration of different existing systems. The usage of the commutativity of methods specified in an object oriented data model gives us the ability to define less restrictive conflict relations between ....

Kaul, M., Drosten, K., Neuhold, E. J.: ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. Proceedings IEEE Data Engineering, 1990.

....that W is a der algebra) In fact, any query language QL gives rise to a monad der QL over the category of schemas in question. There were considerable debate in the DB literature about the general notion of view against a database(in particular, in the object oriented framework, see,eg, [1, 29, 36]) In our setting the notion can be explained in a quite immediate clear way. Given a database schema S, a view against S is a pair V = S V ; oe V ) where SV 2 Schema is the view schema and oe : S V der QL S is the view morphism (in fact, a morphism in the Kleisly category of the monad) Then, ....

M.Kaul, K. Drosten, and E. Neuhold. Viewsystem: Integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-orientred views. In Proc.6th Int.IEEE Conf. on Data Engineering (ICDE), 1990.

....P Motro and Buneman [5] P P P Al fedaghi and Scheu. 6] P P P Yao, Waddle, Housel [7] P P P Yu, Jia, Sun, and Dao [8] P P Toerey and Fry [9] P P P Kahn [17] F F P Elmasri and Navathe [10] F F F Navathe, Sashid. et al 11] F F F P F Mannino and Effelsbe. 23] P P F Kual, Drosten, Neuhold [24] F F P F Elmasri, Larson, Nav. 22] F F F F F F Dayal and Hwang [16] F F F F F F Batini, Lenzerini et al. 15] F F P P F F F Spaccapietra, Parent [41] F Gangopadhya, Barsalou [44] F F F Worboys and Deen [45] P P Salaco, Saltor et al. 33] P F Ventrone and Heiler [34] F Kim and Seo [18] F ....

....[20] and Chatterjee and Segev [21] defined naming conflicts as homonyms and synonyms. Elmasri et al. 22] used the same two categories but widened naming conflicts to include attribute equivalence and entity class equivalence. Structural conflicts may be viewed as differences in abstraction level [22 24] as well as differences in roles, degree and cardinality constraints [11,22] The second major form of heterogeneity is concerned with differences in the representations of values. Again a number of authors recognise differences in units and granularity as well as differences in data types and ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, E.J. Neuhold, ViewSystem: integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views, in: IEEE Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, 1990, pp. 2--10.

....size enterprises. Due to complexity and worldwide span of economy today, enterprise management often needs access to several local as well as remote information resources. Moreover, even a single enterprise may have heterogeneous information bases for reasons of history or departmental autonomy [21]. The user community is therefore experiencing the need for interconnection of existing, possibly heterogeneous, databases, to provide more data to their applications, as well as the need for enforcing a better consistency among databases containing related information (for instance, a ....

....work we plan on this topic. 6 2. REVIEW OF PAST WORK There has been a large amount of work in the integration area: a detailed survey by Batini et al. 2] discussed twelve methodologies for view or database integration (or both) and new contributions continuously appear in the literature ([5, 7, 12, 17, 19, 21, 22, 25, 36, 41] and many more in [20] An analysis of current methodologies shows a prevalent dichotomy of approach. Most of view integration papers attempt to establish a semi automated technique for deriving an integrated schema from a set of integration assertions relating corresponding objects in the ....

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M. Kaul, et al.: ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views, IEEE Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, February 1990, 2-10

....schemas of the component databases. In this paper, we study the strategy for integrating multiple object schemas, and the mechanism to process global queries against the integrated global schema. A variety of approaches to schema integration have been proposed [1] 2] 8] 6] 9] 10] [14], 17] Batini, et al. discussed twelve methodologies for database or view integration [1] Czejdo, et al. used a language with graphical user interface to perform schema integration in federated database systems [4] Schema and domain incompatibilities were considered in [4] 7] 15] The ....

....provided for the process of schema integration. Since a global schema is actually a virtual schema, queries against the global schema should be decomposed and dispatched to corresponding local databases for execution. Issues about transforming a query into a set of subqueries were discussed in [14], where only query processing for class hierarchies was considered. In [21] a Distributed Operation Language 3 was proposed for the specification of query execution plans in multidatabase systems. This language lacks the capability to specify the execution coordination among local databases. 5] ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold. "ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views". In Proc. of IEEE Data Engineering, pages 2--10, 1990. 22

....interface and high level location transparency for the users to retrieve data in a heterogeneous database system, a global schema is usually created by integrating schemas of the component databases. A variety of approaches to schema integration have been proposed [1] 2] 7] 8] 10] 11] [14], 16] Batini et al. discussed twelve methodologies for database or view integration [1] Czejdo, et al. used a language with graphical user interface to perform schema integration in federated database systems [6] Schema and domain incompatibilities were considered in [6] 9] and [15] The ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold, View System : integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views, IEEE Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, (1990) pp.2-10.

....type of an inter schema assertion, an integration rule will be fired in these methods. For example, an equivalence assertion between a set of local objects will cause them to be merged into one global object. In the second group, a view definition facility is provided for integrating local objects [BER91, FAH94, KAU90, LI91, SCH94]. The main difference between this and the MDB language approach to sharing data (see Section 1.2.2) is that integration solutions are sharable by different users and local conflicts are resolved in advance in this approach. Thirdly, the integration operators based group covers the approaches ....

....because the deciding factor in rule application is the semantic relationship that holds between the concepts being integrated. In other words there is usually a one to one correspondence between local object semantic relationship types and merging rules. In the view definition language approach [BER91, BER94, BER96a, BER96b, CZE92, FAH94, KAU90, LI91] a query language is used to generate a global view. Its DDL is used to define the classes 2 of the global schema, while its DML is used to define the mappings for deriving this view s instances. In this context, the view definer is required to write a great deal of code. This is not a trivial ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

M. Kaul, K. Drosten and E. J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. In IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, pages 2--10, 1990. 226

....g; function body Update CONF EVENT:unique set(CONF EVENT) f o2 tuple(conf id:integer) t; o2 unique set(CONF EVENT) aux; for (t in Evaluate Query For CONF EVENT( aux = unique set(As CONF EVENT(t. conf id) return(aux) g; Figure 9: Extension function for the class CONF EVENT these approaches [29, 13, 34, 21, 16, 17]. They basically describe multi database models which are mapped to a uniform model. This requires the translation of a source to a target model through a data definition language, as well as the transformation of data formats (data conversion) Some approaches also deal with semantic integration ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. IEEE Data Engineering, pages 2--10, July 1990.

....ORION [BCG 87] In this paper, we extend this notion for the case of heterogeneous database systems and show how it can be used as part of the class hierarchy of the global view. View Definition: There are as many approaches to defining object oriented views [DH84, Mot87, AAD 93, Wie86, KDN91, CL92, SLT91, AB91, HZ90, Ber92] as different object based data models. The distinctive characteristic of our approach is that we extend an object oriented programming language, where the only language primitive for grouping sets of objects is the class. Based on that assumption, views in our ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold. Viewsystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. In IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, pages 2--10, 1991.

....the restructuring of GS. By Definition 14, this proves the view independence of MultiView. 9 Related Work Most initial proposals for defining views for OODBs suggest the use of the query language defined for their respective object model to derive a virtual class, e.g. Kim89] Heil90] [Kaul90], Scho91] and [Abit91] Most of them do not discuss the integration of derived classes into the global schema. Instead, the derived classes are treated as stand alone objects [Heil90] or they are attached directly as subclasses of the schema root [Kim89] Scholl et al. s recent work [Scho91] ....

Kaul, M., Drosten, K., and Neuhold, E.J., "ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views", in Proc. IEEE Data Eng. Conf., Feb. 1990, pp. 2 - 10.

....autonomy, and size. While heterogeneity and autonomy have been studied extensively, the size problem has only recently been considered [ALBC89] SYEG89] Historically, work in multidatabase systems started with schema integration [SBDG81] BALE86] and view integration [MOBU81] DAHW84] [KADN90] to deal with the heterogeneity problem. In schema integration, a global schema is constructed to make multiple databases appear to be a single logical database to users. With the expansion of organizations and the need of inter organization interaction, came the problem of autonomy. The federated ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E. Neuhold, "ViewSystem: integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views", Int. Conference on Data Engineering, 1990.

.... provide transparent schema evolution, preserving existing views through schema change [11] Because the object oriented paradigm offers a more powerful model for integration than the relational one, several papers discuss the integration of heterogeneous data repositories via object oriented views [3, 2, 7]. 1 This work was supported in part by the NSF RIA grant #IRI 9309076, NSF NYI grant #IRI 94 57609, and the University of Michigan Faculty Award Program, Intel, and AT T. Harumi Kuno is also grateful for support from the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program. 1.1 View System Evaluation A ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E. J. Neuhold. Viewsystem: Integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views. In IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, pages 2--10, February 1990.

....and the possibility to include computations (in the form of methods) in schema definitions. This surely facilitates the interoperability of heterogeneous Work done while at Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich. data or object bases as far as schema integration is concerned [ Kaul et al. 1990; Saltor et al. 1991 ] Object query languages and algebras for objectbases reintroduce generic, general purpose functionality to object management, similar to relational algebra [ Straube and Ozsu, 1990; Shaw and Zdonik, 1989; Kim, 1989; Cluet et al. 1989; Bancilhon et al. 1989 ] Supporting ....

....identity, yet. Kent introduced a separation of real world entity objects vs. proxy objects [ Kent, 1991 ] The latter ones represent en tities in different objectbases. The next closest work we are aware of is that of Neuhold Schrefl et al. Schrefl, 1988; Neuhold and Schrefl, 1988; Kaul et al. 1990; Geller et al. 1991 ] We will compare our approach with their work in more detail below. Our approach differs from Pegasus and also from Schrefl Neuhold in that we define (global) object id in terms of algebraic (extend) views. We show that, with a small revision of the notion of object ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold. Viewsystem: Integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views. In Proc. 6th Int'l IEEE Conf. on Data Engineering (ICDE), Los Angeles, CA, February 1990. IEEE Comp. Soc. Press.

....versions. Conversion might be an error prone and costly process. Class versioning also prevents information to be lost. ABB 83] supports class versioning by substitute read and write functions, SZ87] by error handlers, Zdo90, Cla92] by multiple views to objects. Database views [GPZ88, KDN90, Ber92] is a general technique for having derived information, and it may successfully be used for class evolution. However, often it is not possible to create objects of views and it is not possible to add representation in views with respect to the base classes, which is necessary in the ....

M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E. J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. In Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, pages 2--10. IEEE Computer Society Press, Feb. 1990.

....information request satisfaction effort, but the names of locations, and systems involved, as well as data values reported, are fictitious. This example is based on a high level information request related to environmental remediation. A more detailed discussion of this example can be found in [18] 5.1 The scenario The Region of interest is one of several that have been contaminated with nuclear waste. Of particular interest is a major River that passes through the Region, near the contaminated areas and provides both drinking water to downstream communities and irrigation water to ....

....VIP data have been set, underlying information sources have been identified, mappings have been defined, and gaps have been identified and or partially filled, the construction of the high level information object can be specified. The corresponding RVIP for the original AVIP is shown in Figure 8. Accommodations must be made for the lack of precise location data in order to support the computations for risk based on contaminants in the River and near the River. Additional factors must be taken into consideration as well, such as the structure and type of the data flowing on the arcs of ....

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M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold. View system: Integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views. In Proceedings of the IEEE Data Engineering Conference (DEC), 1990.

....in several papers. For instance, a query language is a core component of a view mechanism, and a number of query languages have been proposed for object oriented databases (e.g. 4, 18] Orthogonal issues are covered in other papers. The use of views for integrating databases is considered in [11]. The important issue of the interaction between user and system through the use of views is treated in [16] The problem of authorization, which is clearly relevant to information hiding, is considered in depth in [17] Finally, we note that important issues such as materialized views and view ....

M. Kaul, K Drosten, E.J. Neuhold, ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views, proc. Data Engineering conf. 1990.

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M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E. J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. In Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 1990.

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M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, pages 2-10, 1990.

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M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E. J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by Object-Oriented Views. In Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, pages 2--10. IEEE Computer Society Press, February 1990.

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M. Kaul, K. Drosten, and E.J. Neuhold. ViewSystem: Integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, pages 2-10, 1990.

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Kaul M., Drosten K., Neuhold E. J.: `ViewSystem: Integrating Heterogeneous Information Bases by ObjectOriented Views', Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Data Engineering, 1990.

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