S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, and M. Witthaut. An open architecture for electronic commerce. Technical report, Object Management Group, Cambridge, MA, 1997.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... agents mostly satisfy the need to search for product and price information (see, for instance, 5] but there is a growing need for agents capable of more sophisticated automated negotiations [2, 10] The MAGNET architecture [4] improves on existing open architecture for electronic commerce [23, 14] by adding support for complex negotiations during the contracting phase, providing some protection against fraud and misrepresentation, and curtailing unproductive value based [16] or time based [3] counterspeculation by participating agents. Automated contracting protocols generally assume ....

S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, and M. Witthaut. An open architecture for electronic commerce. Technical report, Object Management Group, Cambridge, MA, 1997.

....framework and its relationship to OMG s Trading Object Service. 1. 2 Brokers in Electronic Commerce Electronic commerce is the ability to perform exchanges of goods, services, content, assets and money, between two or more participants (users, organizations) using electronic tools and techniques [12]. Electronic commerce offers several advantages over traditional ways of doing business. Organizations usually see electronic commerce as a way of OFFER: An Object Framework For Electronic Requisitioning Martin Bichler, Carrie Beam, Arie Segev Fisher Center For Management Information ....

....future application [20] Various examples show the widespread use of this concept. There are already some approaches to develop object frameworks for electronic commerce. OMG s Electronic Commerce Domain Task Force (ECDTF) plays a leading role in their standardization. OSM (Open Service Markets) [12], an EU ACTS project, is developing tools to enable an open electronic trading market based on the OMG Object Management Architecture (OMA) A similar approach called eCo was proposed by the CommerceNet consortium [28] 29] ECo is an extensible object oriented framework based on CORBA and Java . ....

McConnell, Stephen, Michael Merz, Libero Maesano, and Markus Witthaut, "An Open Architecture for Electronic Commerce," OSM OMG / ECDTF / OSM RFI-2 Response, February 22 1997.

....and automated negotiation with a limited form of Vickrey auction. Even though MAGMA already includes many of the features of the architecture we present here, MAGMA is intended for a more limited domain. Substantial work is underway in standardizing an open architecture for electronic commerce [10, 17]. Our architecture improves on these proposals by adding support for more complex negotiation protocols. Our architecture could be implemented by extending the framework presented in [17] Existing architectures are generally designed for the kind of commercial activity that involves buying and ....

....in well defined and interesting ways. Interoperate with other new and existing Electronic Commerce services. We now focus on three of these general requirements that are particularly important to contracting domains, and that are not adequately covered in other market architecture proposals [10, 17]. A Market Architecture for Multi Agent Contracting April 18, 1997 3 Support for complex multi agent negotiation Protocols that require agents to do complex marginal cost computations [15, 16] or plan generation and composition [1, 12] may require extended periods of time to complete, during ....

S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano and M. Witthaut, An Open Architecture for Electronic Commerce, Object Management Group, Cambridge, Massachussetts, 1997.

....search strategy, such as simulated annealing, might be chosen in order to achieve broad coverage of the search space, while sacrificing detailed examination. 6 Related Work In recent years, a variety of architectures have been proposed for electronic commerce and multi agent automated contracting [4,9,13,15,17,24,25]. In addition to the work on virtual market architectures, several protocols have been developed and proposed that support automated contracting and negotiation among multiple agents in such markets [11,18 20] Automated contracting protocols generally assume direct agent to agent negotiation. ....

S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, and M. Witthaut. An open architecture for electronic commerce. Technical report, Object Management Group, Cambridge, MA, 1997.

....software is suggested to be built around an object oriented programming framework. A programming framework is an almost complete application that the programmer can customise for particular needs. The framework should include set of shared services from which applications can be assembled [18, 12, 11]: ffl exchange of semantic, economical objects (pro les and catalogues) between the open market participants; ffl selection and negotiation of the contract associated to a product; ffl certi cation services (authorisation, non repudiation, certi ed record, anonymity) for clients, providers, or ....

....interpreted correctly by all basic services at the electronic commerce platform (object browsers, catalogue services, brokers) A pro le object must therefore contain contract and related service description. The contract structure must follow the information content of real commercial contracts [12]. Essentially, a contract involves a life cycle starting from contract creation, followed by steps of client and server responsibilities, and terminating with the total ful lment of the contract from both sides. This life cycle is expressed as a service description. It refers to (names) commercial ....

McConnell, S., Merz, M., Maesano, L., and Witthaut, M. An open architecture for electronic commerce. Tech. rep., Feb. 1997.

....number of bids, and number of subtasks. The results of experiments we present show that the algorithm is extremely efficient even for large number of bids. 1 Introduction In recent years, a variety of architectures have been proposed for electronic commerce and multi agent automated contracting [3, 7, 10, 13, 18, 19]. In addition to the work on virtual market architectures, several protocols have been developed and proposed that support automated contracting and negotiation among multiple agents in such markets [14, 15, 16] For example, Smith [17] pioneered research in communication among cooperating ....

S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, and M. Witthaut. An open architecture for electronic commerce. Technical report, Object Management Group, Cambridge, MA, 1997.

....and automated negotiation with a limited form of Vickrey auction. Even though MAGMA already includes many of the features of the architecture we present here, MAGMA is intended for a more limited domain. Substantial work is underway in standardizing an open architecture for electronic commerce [15, 8]. Our architecture improves on these proposals by adding support for more complex negotiation protocols. Our architecture could be implemented by extending the framework presented in [15] This paper is organized as follows: in Section 2 we identify the requirements for a generalized multi agent ....

....architecture is intended to address, and then turn to a description of our proposal. 2.1 Requirements for a Market Architecture The architecture should provide a framework for secure and reliable commerce among self interested agents. Existing architectures and proposals provide such a framework [15, 8]. We focus on three areas of requirements that have not been fully addressed in existing proposals, and that will be required to support the contract negotiations needed to formulate and carry out plans in a virtual organization. Support for complex multi agent negotiation Support for Complex ....

S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, and M. Witthaut. An open architecture for electronic commerce. Technical report, Object Management Group, Cambridge, MA, 1997.

....transactions on the Internet. The JECF provides a set of libraries for purchasing, banking, and finance, and implements facilities like wallets, and cryptographic engines. Both platforms are based on Java [2] and CORBA IIOP. The middleware approach is also followed by the research projects OSM [5] and SEMPER [11] Both are part of the European Community ACTS Program and aim at addressing the issues related to an electronic marketplace. OSM has been developed on the basis of a previous project, called COSM [6] and focuses on the management of contracts and commercial services, providing ....

S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, and M. Witthaut. An Open Architecture for Electronic Commerce. OSM Technical Report, February 1997.

....concepts. COSMOS [16] is a promising new project trying to develop a generic contracting service for business transactions on the Internet. Technically it uses advanced telecollaboration and mobile agent technologies, incorporating CORBA standards and Java technology. OSM (Open Service Markets) [17], an already finished EU ACTS project, was very proactive in OMG s ECDTF and developed tools to enable an open electronic trading market based on OMG s OMA. The project defined a framework for global electronic commerce and virtual trading market systems and proposed an Electronic Commerce ....

S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, W. Witthaut, An Open Architecture for Electronic Commerce. OSM OMG/ECDTF/OSM RFI-2 Response (1997).

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S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, and M. Witthaut, An open architecture for electronic commerce, OMG#ECDTF#OSM Response, 1997.

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