A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, and C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications 13, pp. 839-849, 1995.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....provide policy based handoffs between networks (i.e. Vertical Handoffs [8] and between cells in a single network (i.e. Horizontal Handoff [9] We extend this idea to handoff across devices which encompass both of these types as well as handoff of service session. Mobility support: Mobile IP [10] provides a solution for dealing with IP address changes at the network layer level where the Home Agent keeps track of the current location of the mobile user. This approach, similar to IP Multicast, requires changes to the IP network and hence can be very difficult to deploy. Snoeren and ....

C. Perkins A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, "A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication," IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 839--849, June 1995.

....is the best in a given situation. The introduction of MOPEDs changes the paradigm for mobile communications, defining communication with any of the devices in the MOPED to be equivalent to communication with the user. Many current solutions are focused on a single host with one network interface [14, 1, 11], while other research seeks the ability to address and locate a person and the device they are currently using [9] We believe that the appropriate next step is mobility management for a MOPED, the network of devices that is associated with one person. In order to better support the user s needs, ....

A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839--849, 1995.

....the upcoming deployment of circuit and packet switched 3G and all IP 4G digital cellular networks, we expect that these challenges will grow in scope and scale, as the numbers of access points, users, devices, and applications increase. The most common related mobile routing protocol, Mobile IP [7, 9, 10], suffers from routing performance problems due to inefficient, asymmetric, triangle routing of messages when Route Optimization is not used (the typical case) and is also vulnerable to fault tolerance problems due to its dependence on reachability and availability of a home agent in the user s ....

....its home network and far away from the CH, and (4) when the mobile node is moving rapidly highlighting the need for updates to propagate location information through the network in a timely manner. 3. 2 Mobile Scenarios with Mobile IP The de facto standard for supporting mobile hosts is Mobile IP [7, 9, 10], which uses a Home Agent (HA) and Foreign Agent (FA) to tunnel packets from a Correspondent Host (CH) thru the Mobile Node s (MN) home network (using HA FA AS 1: UC Berkeley AS 2: MIT Internet Backbone MH Figure 4: A Mobile IP scenario. A Professor at MIT sends an instant message to his ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

MYLES, A., JOHNSON, D. B., AND PERKINS, C. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 13, 5 (June 1995), 839--849.

....simply by integrating a single device supporting that technology into the MOPED. Other work in mobile networking has addressed user mobility by enabling a user to carry a single mobile device with them through the Internet; many current solutions focus on a single host with one network interface [1, 10, 11]. We believe that the appropriate next step is mobility management for a MOPED, the network of devices associated with one person. All communication traffic for a MOPED user is delivered to the MOPED, where the final disposition of traffic is determined. Since a MOPED is designed to support a ....

A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839-- 849, 1995.

....from the MN to the CN with every move. Although this alleviates the triangle routing problem in MIP, the communication overhead is still high during handoff rendering MIP unsuitable for micro mobility 1 and causing it to be inadequate for audio applications. Caching techniques are proposed in[8] and[6] 2 to reduce packet loss during handoff. These techniques, in general, cause the old FA (before the move) to forward cached packets to the new FA (after the move) to recover packets that would otherwise be lost during the transition. The old FA needs to know the new COA of the MN before ....

A. Myles, D. Johnson, C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 13, No. 5, p. 839-849, June 1995.

....event driven operating system (TinyOS) The Mobile Mote system was specifically developed on top of the TinyOS, although the design principles and guidelines are still suitable for future operating systems of networked sensors. The Mobile Mote system implements a subset of Mobile IP described in [MJP95] and [PJ96] Mobile IP allows transparent routing of IP packets to mobile nodes through the caching of care of address associated with a mobile node s home address. Several reliable transport layer protocols for networks with wireless links have been proposed. The Snoop protocol in [BSAK95] ....

A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, and C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communication, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 839-849, June 1995.

....address change information and interacts the redirection proxy in preparation for a handoff. 6.2.2 Redirection Proxy One objective of our system is to allow transparent service handoffs when the user is roaming. There has been a range of solutions proposed by the research community. Mobile IP [3] is one example that works at the network layer, completely transparent to the transport and application layer. Added TCP options proposed by [22] work at the transport layer. MSOCKS [14] works at the session layer by replacing the regular TCP IP socket layer. Our approach is entirely at the ....

C. P. A. Myles, D. B. Johnson. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communication, 13(5):839--849, June 1995.

....of the address change information and interacts the redirection proxy in preparation for a hando . 4.2 Redirection Proxy One objective of our system is to allow transparent service hando s when the user is roaming. There has been a range of solutions proposed by the research community. Mobile IP [1] is one example that works at the network layer, completely transparent to the transport and application layer. Added TCP options proposed by [10] works at the transport layer. MSOCKS [6] works at the session layer by replacing the regular TCP IP socket layer with their own version. Our approach ....

C. Perkins A. Myles, D. B. Johnson. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communication, 13(5):839849, June 1995.

....we assume the home agent is not mobile we expect this to be true most of the time. The acknowledgments from the correspondent to the mobile node s messages are similarly forwarded. Other proposals require that a mobile node s correspondent be informed of the node s latest care of address [MJP]. Our results in Sections 2.2 and 2.3 on advertisement frequency and registration lifetime apply to such protocols as well. 2.1 Traffic Overhead for Mobility Support The forwarded traffic from a home agent to a mobile node that is away is an overhead in the fixed net for supporting mobility. To ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson and C. Perkins, A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication, IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications 13, 5 (June 1995), 839--849.

....when ubiquitous computing is supported [13] As an example we focus on the proposed mobility extension of the Internet Protocol (IP) the so called Mobile IP. Several protocol extensions have been suggested for supporting stations with varying points of network attachment, e.g. in [10] 11] [15], 19] 21] and [24] A mainly unsolved security problem of the proposed protocols is the access to the location information of a mobile user, just by looking at the address headers of packets. If such results from traffic analysis are accumulated in location profiles, conclusions on the ....

....must acquire a new address prior to connection setup, currently a rather time consuming and only manually performable task. To change this situation, several protocol extensions for IP have been suggested for supporting host migration without any network operator interaction (e.g. in [10] 11] [15], 19] 21] and [24] Common to all of the above cited proposals is not only the aim of providing a mobility transparent IP service, but also the mechanisms used to achieve this goal, which are based on location registration and packet redirection. All proposals share the idea of a ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson and C. Perkins, A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 13/5 (1995), 839 - 849.

....is how to schedule transmissions in a PRN to enable neighboring nodes to successfully exchange information. For early work, see e.g. 10, 12, 31] Recent results can be found in [8, 5] Also, the problem of selecting routes and updating routes when mobile hosts move has been considered. See, e.g. [28, 23, 16] for different route selection strategies and further references. Similar problems have been studied for various dynamic network models. See Dolev et al. 15] for a survey of results in this area. 1.2 The Model It is a challenging task to develop a model for wireless communication that is ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, C.E. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE J. Sel. Areas in Commun., special issue on Mobile and Wireless Computing Networks, 13(5), pp. 839-349, 1995.

....how to schedule transmissions in a PRN to enable neighboring nodes to successfully exchange information. For early work see, e.g. 10, 12, 32] Recent results can be found in [8, 5] Also, the problem of selecting routes and updating routes when mobile hosts move has been considered. See, e.g. [28, 23, 16] for di erent route selection strategies and further references. Similar problems have been studied for various dynamic network models. See Dolev et al. 15] for a survey of results in this area. 1.2 The Model It is a challenging task to develop a model for wireless communication that is simple ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, C.E. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE J. Sel. Areas in Commun., special issue on Mobile and Wireless Computing Networks, 13(5), pp. 839-349, 1995.

....longer valid. However, simply updating the address is not sufficient; some type of mobility mechanism must be implemented at the network layer for other network nodes to communicate with the mobile terminal, This could be embedded in the satellite nodes themselves similar to the mobile IP solution [95], or could be implemented in a mobility database updated by the mobile terminals themselves. The exact handling of terminal mobility is not central to our research; we merely point out that potential solutions exist and could be the subject of future research. 6.4.2 Cellular Geometry If we ....

A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839--49, June 1995.

....transparency, it is concerned with optimum routing, ecient and robust migration, and ecient use of network resources. Other issues include cost, host impact, infrastructure requirements and backward compatibility. 2.1 Unicast Routing in Mobile Networks 13 2.1.1. 1 Solutions Myles et al. [18] and Perkins et al. 19] describe the Internet Mobile Host Protocol (IMHP) which supports route optimisation and authentication. The working of this protocol is similar to the proposed IETF Mobile IP [10] standard. The only di erence is that optimal routing is considered as an extension in the ....

....the Internet Mobile Host Protocol (IMHP) which supports route optimisation and authentication. The working of this protocol is similar to the proposed IETF Mobile IP [10] standard. The only di erence is that optimal routing is considered as an extension in the IETF s proposal. Myles et al. [18] propose a near optimal routing scheme, the MH s care of address is cached at intermediate nodes and the previous foreign agent is noti ed of the MH s care ofaddress. Work on mobility support in IPv6 is proposed by Perkins et al. 20] who incorporate cache update for optimal routing. The di erence ....

A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, and C. Perkins, \A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, special issue on Mobile and Wireless Computing Networks, vol. 13, pp. 839-849, June 1995.

....from the MN to the CN with every move. Although this alleviates the triangle routing problem in MIP, the communication overhead is still high during handoff rendering MIP unsuitable for micro mobility 31 and causing it to be inadequate for audio applications. Caching techniques are proposed in[8] and[6] 32 to reduce packet loss during handoff. These techniques, in general, cause the old FA (before the move) to forward cached packets to the new FA (after the move) to recover packets that would otherwise be lost during the transition. The old FA needs to know the new COA of the MN before ....

A. Myles, D. Johnson, C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 13, No. 5, p. 839-849, June 1995.

....IP HH DBS (c) Hybrid subnet Earth Station Reverse channel This routing scheme works for multiple hosts with possibly different home subnets. However, the involvement of the home agent makes routing more complicated than in the previous scheme. Techniques such as Mobile IP route optimization [22] should mitigate this problem, but we have not yet investigated them. We also considered using the IP loose source routing (LSRR) option [6] to obtain the desired routing behavior. In this scheme, a host in the hybrid subnet sends out packets with the LSRR option specifying HH DBS as the ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5), June 1995.

....time against the allowable delay and discards the packet if the delay time is exceeded. Another problem that mobile elements face is the handoff problem in which the mobile host is transferred from one base station to another. The solution to the hand off problem suggested in the Mobile IP draft [10] is prone to latency problems and is not scaleable to WAN architectures. The multicast solution suggested by the Daedalus project [11] overcomes the latency problem but puts undue overhead on the resources at the base stations. Their solution is also not scaleable when applied to WANs and when the ....

A. Myles, D. B. Johnson and C. Perkins. A Mobile Host protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications, 13(5), June 1995.

....enabled many exciting new applications, but also brings with it new and challenging research problems. Some of these problems include protocol and application design for networks with non negligible bit error rates and asymmetry [1] providing transparent connectivity and services to mobile users [7], and managing limited resources in small portable devices[11] An area that has received comparatively little attention is media access protocols for shared wireless channels. The problem of shared media access has been studied extensively on wired networks. In the Carrier Sense Multiple Access ....

Myles, A., Johnson, D. B., and Perkins, C. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 13, 5 (June 1995), 839--849.

....of nomadic computing is currently centered around the support of host or terminal mobility. The Internet host mobility protocol or mobile IP [3] which enhances IP by allowing transparent routing of IP datagrams to mobile nodes over the Internet, has been studied extensively in the literature [4], 5] The current IETF standard and relating proposals each retain the home IP address of a mobile terminal (MT) for use in identifying it at the network level, but also associate a second IP address (commonly referred to as the care of address) with the MT to indicate the MT s current location. ....

....her terminal to be temporarily associated with the network. Each foreign agent maintains a visitor list identifying all MU s currently visiting this network. The entry for each MU mirrors the user s mobility binding stored in the user s UHA. The FA may serve as a default router terminating tunnels [4] extended from UHA s or THA s to enable packet redirection to an MU s terminal. To provide more efficient service to an MU, the FA may cache pertinent parts of the user s service profile. C. Registration and Authentication UPC allows mobile users to use any terminal to access network computing ....

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A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, and C. Perkins, "A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 13, pp. 839--849, June 1995.

....Manager) If there is no URL application currently working, suitable URL application is executed by MAM. By using web browser and URL memopad, user can have simple meeting shown in Figure 10. 5. Related Works For supporting host mobility, there are many studies about routing issues. Mobile IP[7] and VIP[8] are both protocols for supporting mobile host access transparency from other hosts in the Internet. They need special home agent or router as an infrastructure. It is not suitable for an ad hoc network. DSDV[1] is a distance vector ad hoc routing protocol. This protocol avoids loop ....

Andrew Myles, David B. Johnson and Charles Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5), 1995, pp. 839--849.

....is how to schedule transmissions in a PRN to enable neighboring nodes to successfully exchange information. For early work, see e.g. 10, 12, 31] Recent results can be found in [8, 5] Also, the problem of selecting routes and updating routes when mobile hosts move has been considered. See, e.g. [28, 23, 16] for different route selection strategies and further references. Similar problems have been studied for various dynamic network models. See Dolev et al. 15] for a survey of results in this area. 1.2 The Model It is a challenging task to develop a model for wireless communication that is simple ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, C.E. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE J. Sel. Areas in Commun., special issue on Mobile and Wireless Computing Networks, 13(5), pp. 839-349, 1995.

....to and from the MH can continue using the MH s home address, despite its mobility. There are two problems with this approach. First, datagrams to the MH are always routed via its HA, resulting in suboptimal triangle routing , as shown in Figure 1. Proposed extensions rectify this problem [21, 20], but their applicability and performance in a wide area network remain unclear. Second, the registration process has no de registration counterpart, as the MH may lose connectivity with the FA at any time, due to movement. For this reason, all information on a visiting MH is deleted after some ....

....To deliver datagrams from an arbitrary sender to a dynamic set of receivers, we need mechanisms to: 1. Track group membership. 2. Route data to group members. 1 This description is based on the draft proposal for mobile IP, which closely resembles the Internet Mobile Host Protocol (IMHP) [21, 20]. In the following sections we split the required mechanisms into local , which deal with group membership management and local datagram delivery, and global , which deal with multicast routing from senders towards any interested local networks. 3.1 Local Multicasting Mechanisms Locating hosts ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839--849, June 1995.

....same administrative domain, a hierarchy of Foreign Agents similar to one described in [12] is suggested, where the hand off latency following a move is decreased by using hierarchical Foreign Agents which shield the remote Home Agent from the knowledge of a local move. Blackwell et al. [2] Myles [10], Johnson and Perkins [6] 13] cache addresses of Foreign Agents on correspondent hosts to tunnel packets directly to a mobile host s Foreign Agent (i.e. without going through the Home Agent) Hosts which do not implement the FA cache protocol have to take the longer route to reach the mobile ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, and C.E. Perkins. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting route Optimization and Authentication. IEEE JSAC, 13(5), June 1995.

....the home agent. Third, registrations with the home agent may incur a long handoff delay when a mobile node is far away from home. This can cause significant packet drop and throughput reduction [9] To avoid triangular routing, location caches are used at routers [15] or at correspondent hosts [8, 10] to maintain the mobility binding between the home address and the care of address of a mobile node. When a mobile node moves, its mobility binding is propagated to correspondent hosts. An adaptive scheme is studied in [13] in which a mobile node determines dynamically a working set of hosts to ....

....architecture. For mobile nodes that are not close to home, it reduces both the registration cost and handoff delay with a slight increase in packet tunneling. Compared with the related work, the extension of Mobile IP with routing agents is orthogonal to techniques for route optimization [8, 10, 13, 15], fast intra subnet handoff [5] and improving TCP performance in wireless networks [3, 4, 9] In fact it can be combined with these techniques for a better overall support for mobility. Although the extension of Mobile IP with routing agents can be viewed as a dynamic two level hierarchical ....

A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839--849, June 1995.

....We discuss our future plans and conclude with a summary in Section 5. 2. The Design of the Handoff Protocol In this section, we describe the design of our mobile routing protocol designed to achieve low latency handoffs and highlight the differences between it and the IETF Mobile IP proposal [MJP95] In the process, we show how our design can be viewed as being mostly compatible with the way routing is done in Mobile IP and how the differences help achieve low handoff latencies and negligible data loss. We first describe the limitations of the standard IP routing mechanisms in a mobile ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5), June 1995.

....however assume that a host s address is fixed, so simply providing MHs with local addresses when attached to a new network cannot achieve transparency, as transport connections will have to be reestablished. IP mobility extensions, and in particular the Internet Mobile Host Protocol (IMHP) [5], which we examine here, provide a mechanism for a MH to retain one address while roaming, called its home address, even though it connects to various wireless networks. The problem to be solved is circumventing IP routing. A router receiving a datagram to a non local host forwards it based only ....

....tunneling , allows the MH to communicate continuously using its home address, despite its mobility, but it has two drawbacks. First, datagrams to the MH are always routed via its HA, resulting in suboptimal triangle routing , as shown in Figure 1. a) Proposed extensions rectify this problem [5], but their applicability and performance are unclear. Second, there is no de registration process, as the MH may lose connectivity with the FA at any time due to movement, so registrations must be repeated periodically, else the FA will delete the information on the visiting MH from its tables. ....

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A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, and C. Perkins, "A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 839--849, June 1995.

....when summary links or AS external links are received. 4. Route Optimization Several approaches have been proposed to improve routing efficiency, but require changes to stationary hosts or routers for maintaining location caches, thereby compromising the compatibility with existing applications [3, 7, 10]. This section presents route optimization using hierarchical dynamic routing protocols, especially the area configuration of mobile agents and mobile hosts, route changes due to location updates, and propagation of location updates. 4.1. Area Configuration In OSPF an AS is composed of several ....

....the AS, the minimum interval of MinLSInterval seconds (with default value 5) imposed by OSPF on originating distinct instances of the same link state advertisement limits the amount of routing traffic. 5. Related Work Several IP based protocols have been developed for mobile internetworking [3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14]. To avoid triangle routing to mobile hosts, various mechanisms of route optimization have been proposed. In [6, 11] IP s Loose Source Routing option was used to achieve optimal routing to mobile hosts. Unfortunately existing implementations may drop IP options or do not implement the Loose ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839--849, June 1995.

....to the request would be forwarded from the home agent. No such indirection exists if the kehaar uses the new IP address. There is current research in avoiding Mobile IP s triangle routing but it still requires network connectivity to the home agent for authentication before packets are forwarded [18]. The ttcp application fails in both cases, but due to different reasons. When a PC Card is removed, FreeBSD marks the interface down but doesn t touch the routes. UDP packets sent to orange will find a route but notice that the interface used by the route is down so a Network is down error ....

Myles, A., Johnson, D. B., and Perkins, C. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication 13, 5 (June 1995), 839--849.

....domain, a hierarchy of Foreign Agents similar to one described in [Per96b] is suggested, where the hand off latency following a move is decreased by using hierarchical Foreign Agents which shield the remote Home Agent from the knowledge of a local move. Blackwell et al. [B 94] Myles [MJP95] Johnson and Perkins [JP96] PJ96] cache addresses of Foreign Agents on correspondent hosts to tunnel packets directly to a mobile host s Foreign Agent (i.e. without going through the Home Agent) Hosts which do not implement the FAcache protocol have to take the longer route to reach the ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, and C.E. Perkins. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting route Optimization and Authentication. IEEE JSAC, 13(5), June 1995.

....current location of each mobile node is kept private, known only to its home agent and its foreign agent. Researchers have studied triangle routing through home agents in Mobile IP and developed various techniques for route optimization, including Loose Source Routing [14, 23] location caches [15, 16, 22, 30] and route propagation [8] However, the location aspect of a mobile node in Mobile IP has received little attention. In Mobile IP, the care of address of a mobile node changes whenever it moves from one IP subnet to another. This could lead to frequent registrations with the home agent. An ....

Myles, A., Johnson, D., and Perkins, C. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839--849, June 1995.

....is how to schedule transmissions in a PRN to enable neighboring nodes to successfully exchange information. For early work, see e.g. 10, 12, 31] Recent results can be found in [8, 5] Also, the problem of selecting routes and updating routes when mobile hosts move has been considered. See, e.g. [28, 23, 16] for different route selection strategies and further references. Similar problems have been studied for various dynamic network models. See Dolev et al. 15] for a survey of results in this area. 1.2 The Model It is a challenging task to develop a model for wireless communication that is ....

A. Myles, D.B. Johnson, C.E. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE J. Sel. Areas in Commun., special issue on Mobile and Wireless Computing Networks, 13(5), pp. 839-349, 1995.

....to the handoff delay. The delay is significant when a mobile node is far away from home and causes significant packet drop and drastic reduction in communication throughput [9] Second, frequent location updates incur extensive overhead for location cache management in route optimization [6, 7, 10, 14] that requires accurate location information in order to tunnel IP datagrams correctly. At the transport level, variations of TCP have been designed to cope with packet drop caused by handoff [9] and by high bit error rate on the wireless link [2, 3] At the network level, two approaches have been ....

A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839--849, June 1995.

....may initially be a popular design point. 5.2. Route optimization Aside from the basic operations provided by Mobile IP, extended operations allow for mobile aware correspondent nodes to send their data directly to the mobile node instead of going through the home agent. This route optimization [34,47] is accomplished by sending the mobile node s care of address to correspondent nodes, in so called binding updates. Therefore, this technique can only work for such nodes that are able to process the protocol messages containing the necessary information; today s product computers cannot. Route ....

A. Myles, D. Johnson and C. Perkins, A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication, IEEE J. Selected Areas in Commun. 13(5) (June 1995) 839--849.

....(IETF) is the principal protocol standards development body for the Internet. Over the past few years, the IETF Mobile IP Working Group has been working to develop a standard for routing IP packets to mobile hosts in the Internet, and we have contributed a number of protocol designs to this effort [12, 13, 15, 23]. Working within the IETF provides a direct avenue for transferring the results of our research into the Internet community. In this section, we provide an overview of the basic IETF Mobile IP standard which is currently nearing completion [24] Figure 1 illustrates the basic architecture of the ....

....mobile host, to dynamically learn and cache the mobile host s current location; the sending node can then tunnel its own packets directly to the mobile host, bypassing the trip to and from the home agent. This feature has been present in all of our designs submitted to the Mobile IP Working Group [12, 13, 15, 23], and we view it as essential for the efficiency and scalability of the protocol. In the Route Optimization extensions, when a mobile host s home agent intercepts and tunnels a packet to a mobile host away from home, the home agent also returns a binding update message to the original sender of ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Andrew Myles, David B. Johnson, and Charles Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, special issue on Mobile and Wireless Computing Networks, 13(5):839--849, June 1995.

....making host movement difficult, time consuming, and error prone. To address this need in the Internet, the Mobile IP Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has been working over the past few years to develop standard protocols to support mobile hosts operating in the Internet [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34]. The IETF is the principal standards development body for protocols in the Internet. This work on IETF Mobile IP represents the contributions of many people within the Working Group, and development of these protocols is still underway. This paper analyzes the problem to be solved, reviews the ....

....available. This type of authentication is secure as long as the shared secret key remains secret, and it is not subject to export restrictions since it does not use encryption. A simpler style of authentication that also does not use encryption was proposed within the IETF for the IMHP protocol [13, 17, 22], and was also used in recent mobile routing work done at Harvard University [1] This scheme relies on a general property of routing in the Internet in which nodes not connected to the normal routing path of a packet cannot eavesdrop on or reroute that packet. By including a randomly generated ....

Andrew Myles, David B. Johnson, and Charles Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, special issue on Mobile and Wireless Computing Networks, 13(5):839--849, June 1995.

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A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, and C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications 13, pp. 839-849, 1995.

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A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5), June 1995.

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Myles, A., Johnson, D. B., and Perkins, C. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE J-SAC 13, 5 (June 1995), 839--849.

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Myles, A., Johnson, D. B., and Perkins, C. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE J-SAC 13, 5 (June 1995), 839--849.

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A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins, "A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 13, pp. 839--849, June 1995.

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C. Perkins A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, "A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication," IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 839--849, June 1995.

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A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5):839--849, 1995. 167

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A. Myles, D. Johnson, and C. Perkins. A mobile host protocol supporting route optimization and authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5), June 1995.

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A. Myles, D. Johnson, C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 13, No. 5, p. 839-849, June 1995.

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A. Myles, D. Johnson, C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 13, No. 5, p. 839-849, June 1995.

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A. Myles, D. Johnson, C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 13, No. 5, p. 839-849, June 1995.

No context found.

A. Myles, D. B. Johnson and C. Perkins, A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Communications vol. 13, pp. 839-849, 1995.

No context found.

Andrew Myles, David B. Johnson, Charles Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, VOL. 13, NO. 5, June 1995.

No context found.

A. Myles, D. B. Johnson, and C. Perkins, A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication, IEEE Journal on Selected Area in Communications, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 839--849, 1995.

No context found.

A. Myles, D. Johnson, C. Perkins, "A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and Authentication", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 13, No. 5, p. 839-849, June 1995.

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