S. S. Intille, J. W. Davis and A. F. Bobick, "Real-time closed-world tracking", Proc. the IEEE Computer Society Conf. on CVPR, pp.697-703, Jun. 1997.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....spatially smooth similarity function, Bhattacharyya coefficient, face tracking. 1INTRODUCTION R EAL TIME object tracking is the critical task in many computer vision applications such as surveillance [44] 16] 32] perceptual user interfaces [10] augmented reality [26] smart rooms [39], 75] 47] object based video compression [11] and driver assistance [34] 4] Two major components can be distinguished in a typical visual tracker. Target Representation and Localization is mostlya bottom up process which has also to cope with the changes in the appearance of the target. ....

S. Intille, J. Davis, and A. Bobick, "Real-Time Closed-World Tracking," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 697-703, 1997.

....a fixed camera. In this case, the system solves an object identification problem in which the object is the observed trajectory of a 3 D movement in the image plane. Unlike systems relying on quite sophisticated image processing and a complex description of the possible dynamic events (see [59] [63], for example) this system does not attempt to characterize explicitly the properties of each event class but learns each class from examples. Each event is represented by a feature vector built from the spatio temporal changes detected in the observed image sequence by means of a simple chain ....

S. Intille, J. Davis, and A. Bobick, "Real-time closed-world tracking," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 697--703, 1997.

....moving objects and track them [2] There is a problem that overlapping objects are extracted as a region and tracked as a single person. We extract only isolated pedestrians and track them. By tracking them forward and backward, we can continue to track them even in a group. By template matching [3], an operator often has to modify the position manually during the occlusion or when the color of the pedestrian is similar to that of adjacent pedestrians. The proposed method generates plural candidates for the pedestrian path and verifies them to eliminate false ones. 2 Extracting Pedestrians ....

S.S. Intille and J.W. Davis and A.F. Bobick, "Real-Time Closed-World Tracking," Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 697-703, (June 1997)

....Detection of Moving Objects Most available techniques for detecting moving objects have been designed for scenes acquired by a stationary camera. These methods allow us to segment each image into a set of regions representing the moving objects by using a background differencing algorithm [17] [27], 20] More recently, Grimson et al. 19] have proposed a local modeling of the background using a mixture of K Gaussians allowing us to process video streams with time varying background. These methods give satisfactory results and can be implemented for real time processing without a dedicated ....

....the optical flow is null (aperture problem) and, consequently, instead of detecting one region, we have a set of small regions. Usually, clustering techniques are applied for merging the detected blobs in order to recover the region corresponding to the moving object. These image based techniques [27], 33] rely on the proximity of the blobs in the image and frequently merge regions that belong to separate objects. Among the detected regions, some small regions should be merged into a larger one or have a trajectory of their own. In both cases, based on the graph representation, these regions ....

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S.S. Intille, J.W. Davis, and A.F. Bobick, "Real Time Closed World Tracking," IEEE Proc. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 697-703, 1997.

....detected rather than manually labelled or hypothesised as mostly reported in the literature. Numerous efforts have been made to model moving object behaviours in general [1, 7] Most previous approaches for modelling behaviour heavily relied upon segmentation and tracking of object in the scene [5, 6, 11, 12]. A visual event is commonly defined based on a moving object with constraints on its size, colour or shape. A sequence of events is represented by the tracked trajectory of the object of interest. These trajectories are further clustered to form typical trajectory templates (with variance, if ....

S. Intille, J. Davis, and A. Bobick. Real-time closed-world tracking. In Proc. CVPR, pages 697--703, 1997.

....spatially smooth similarity function; Bhattacharyya coefficient; face tracking. 1 Introduction Real time object tracking is the critical task in many computer vision applications such as surveillance [44, 16, 32] perceptual user interfaces [10] augmented reality [26] smart rooms [39, 75, 47], object based video compression [11] and driver assistance [34, 4] Two major components can be distinguished in a typical visual tracker. Target Representation and Localization is mostly a bottom up process which has also to cope with the changes in the appearance of the target. Filtering and ....

S. Intille, J. Davis, and A. Bobick, "Real-time closed-world tracking," in Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1997, pp. 697--703.

....rigidly together are grouped. As many frames as conceivably possible are used to make this robust. Because the decision to use background estimation had been taken before our tracking project started, this approach has not been considered. 1. 2 The basis of our system Intille, Davis and Bobick [4] have a situation that most resembles ours. They want to track multiple persons by using contextual information to decrease the information complexity. They use a closed world assumption to do so. For a good understanding, it is necessary to know that they refer to tracks as objects. They are also ....

Stephen S. Intille, James W. Davis and Aaron F. Bobick. Real-Time Closed-World Tracking. In Proc. of IEEE Computer Science Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, MA, pages 697703, June 1997.

....where: q Xt i ; e ; e , D ; e u (15) v H i ; e D ; e , g ; 16) C.2 Objects Objects map to multiple blobs in our scheme. For example, the hands and the torso may form different blobs. These are unified into one percept of an object by the ObjecTraker. Intille et al. [25] describe heuristic methods to explain the scenes described by blob trackers in a nine step procedure which includes the idea of objects. Although our algorithm is based on some of these principles, the accuracy of range measurements changes our approach. For example, we do not need to distinguish ....

A.Bobick S.Intille, J.Davis. Real-time closed world tracking. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pages 697--703, Puerto Rico, June 1997.

....camera when the system predicts that the current camera will no longer have a good view of the subject. Since in our algorithm, we collect evidences from different pairs and only take the decision at the end, we expect our algorithm to perform better than this approach. Intille et al. 9] and [10]) present a system which is capable of tracking multiple non rigid objects. The system uses a top view camera to identify individual blobs and a closed world assumption to adaptively select and weight image features used for matching these blobs. Putting a camera(s) on the top is certainly a ....

Intille S.S., Davis, J.W. and Bobick A.F. 1997. Real-Time Closed-World Tracking. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 697-703.

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S. Intille, J. Davis, and A. Bobick, "Real-time closed-world tracking," in Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1997, pp. 697--703.

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S. Intille, J. Davis, and A. Bobick, \Real-Time Closed-World Tracking," Proceedings of IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1997.

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