| H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, June 1997. |
....are captured well by the Lognormal distribution with = 0.005, # = 1.55 (transfer time) and = 9.35, # = 1.6 (throughput) respectively. Our finding of throughput coincides with earlier observations made by Balakrishnan et al. using traces from the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympic Games web server [7]. The bursts at 3:00am on 02 16, 12:00pm on 02 25, and 1:00pm on 02 25 occur because of backup operations and a restart of the session manager respectively. 12 To identify the primary contributor to network transfer time, we again computed the correlation coefficient between transfer times ....
H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. Proc. of ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, June 1997.
....clients experience widely different throughput, from 1 Kbps up to 10 Mbps. It is evident that the Web server was not the bottleneck of the endto end performance for most clients. Meanwhile it re confirms the fact that end to end performance varies significantly for different hosts, as reported in [3]. In addition, 33.8 of the clients have throughput less than 20 Kbps, i.e. less than stereo quality audio or video encoding rate. This suggests that the Internet path can often become a bottleneck for real time applications. For example, if an IP based wireless phone call is made from a mall to ....
....variation within a factor of 4 during the trace period; when considering the variation between the maximum and mean throughput, over 90 of the hosts have throughput variation within a factor of 2. These results are consistent with the previous studies, which reported similar degree of stability [3, 21]. On the other hand, throughput for some hosts vary by up to three orders of magnitude. Next, we examine how long a client s throughput remains stable. We use the notion of operational throughput constancy introduced in [21] We say that the throughput remains operationally constant in a region ....
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H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS '97, 1997.
....are captured well by the Lognormal distribution with tt 0.005, cr 1.55 (transfer time) and tt 9.35, cr 1.6 (throughput) respectively. Our finding of throughput coincides with earlier observations made by Balakrishnan et al. using traces from the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympic Games web server [7]. To identify the primary contributor to network transfer time, we again computed the correlation coefficient between transfer times and document sizes. The result, 0.0031, reveals that in general there is no clear correlation between the two. A stronger correlation was observed when we ....
H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. Proc. of ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, June 1997.
....in Fig. 8, each component may be modeled as a multi user system in Fig. 6. Note that a user shares the system resources with different users in different components. Depending on the location of the user and the server, the Internet may look different in terms of delay, capacity, and load [8]. In general, it is relatively easy to obtain these network characteristics for the Intranet and the connection between the Intranet and the Internet backbone. Systems like the one proposed in [9] may help us getting information about backbone network and Web servers b s T B T B B i T i k ....
....and may vary with time. However, in general, it does indicate the quality of the link at that time. If the user has downloaded some pages from the server recently, say in the last 10 minutes, the average speed at which the files were downloaded is a better estimation of the actual link condition [8]. This link quality information is provided to the user through an icon placed next to the corresponding link. This can potentially reduce traffic on congested links, because most people would choose a faster link if several options are available. Figure 10 shows the icons used in our program. ....
H. Balakrishnan al., "Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance, " Proc. of ACM SIGMETRICS Conf. Measurement & Modeling of Comp. Sys., Seattle, WA, June 1997.
....to clients. This work also builds on earlier research work that has examined Web performance from the viewpoint of individual improvements in reducing user perceived latency or load on the network. The set of ideas includes compression and delta encoding [14] stability in network performance [4], examining impact of various protocol variations of HTTP [16, 10] and bundling resources [22] What these works have in common is the use of a single idea to explore impact on Web performance. Each of these pieces of research differ in their evaluation environment in the sense that they use ....
H. Balakrishnan, M. Stemm, S. Seshan, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, pages 2--12, 1997.
....episodes, and not from nearby losses. Throughput has a close coupling with the loss process, and can often be modeled as a stationary IID process for a period of hours. Several studies have also examined similar issues by studying traces gathered passively using a packet sniffer. The authors in [2] used traces from the 1996 Olympic Games Web site to analyze the spatial and temporal stability of TCP throughput. Using traceroute data, they constructed a tree rooted at the server and extending out to the client hosts. Clients were clustered based on how far apart they were in the tree. The ....
....In [1] Allman uses traces gathered at the NASA Glenn Research Center Web server to study issues such as TCP and HTTP option usage, RTT and packet size distributions, etc. Mogul et al. 12] uses packet level traces to study the effectiveness of delta compression for HTTP. Our study is similar to [2] in that it is based on packet traces gathered passively at a busy server. However, our analysis is different in many ways. We focus on packet loss rate rather than TCP throughput for the reasons mentioned previously. More importantly, we go beyond simply characterizing the end to end loss rate ....
H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS'98, June 1997.
....in larger time scales and the presence of a de nite diurnal cycle. Arlitt and Williamson [2] observed similar regularity in client activity levels in web servers. Balakrishnan et al. observed regularity in their in depth analysis of trac to the web server of the Atlanta Summer Olympic Games [3]. These studies suggest predictable patterns in the e ectiveness level of the cache. Most cache replacement policies evict a page which maximizes (or minimizes) a particular eviction function. LRU (least recently used) for example, evicts the page with largest passed time since its last request, ....
H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, Stemm M., and Katz R. H. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS '97 Conference, 1997. http://HTTP.CS.Berkeley.edu/~stemm/pubs.html.
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H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R.H. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, pages 2--12, Seattle, WA, June 1997.
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H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. In Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS, Seattle, WA, June 1997.
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H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. In Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS, Seattle, WA, June 1997.
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H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R.H. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS '97, June 1997.
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BALAKRISHNAN, H., SESHAN, S., STEMM, M., AND KATZ, R. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS (Seattle, WA, June 1997), pp. 2--12.
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H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, June 1997.
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Hari Balakrishnan, Mark Stemm, Srinivasan Seshan, and Randy H. Katz. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. In SIGMETRICS '97, June 1997.
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H. Balakrishnan and S. Srinivasan 1997. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, 1997.
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H. Balakrishnan, M. Stemm, S. Seshan, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proc. of the ACM SIGMETRICS, Seattle, WA, pages 2--12, 1997.
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BALAKRISHNAN, H., SESHAN, S., STEMM, M., AND KATZ, R. H. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In ACM SIGMETRICS (June 1997). 11
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H. Balakrishnan, M. Stemm, S. Seshan, and R. H. Katz, "Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance," in SIGMETRICS/Performance, 1997.
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BALAKRISHNAN, H., SESHAN, S., STEMM, M., AND KATZ, R. H. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In ACM SIGMETRICS (June 1997).
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H. Balakrishnan, M. Stemm, S. Seshan, and R.H. Katz, "Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance," Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS'97, pp. 2--12, 1997
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Balakrishnan Hari and Srinivasan Seshan. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, 1997.
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H. Balakrishnan, M. Stemm, S. Seshan, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proc. of the ACM SIGMETRICS, Seattle, WA, pages 2--12, 1997.
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H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. In ACM SIGMETRICS Conference Proceedings, Seattle WA, USA, June 1997. ACM.
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Hari Balakrishnan, Mark Stemm, Srinivasan Seshan, and Randy H. Katz. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. In SIGMETRICS/Performance, 1997.
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Balakrishnan Hari and Srinivasan Seshan. Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance. ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, 1997.
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