M. Miller and D. Perlis. Pre- sentations and this and that: logic in action. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1993.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....evidence. But while disinheriting contradictands is a reasonable first step, it is often not enough even to defuse the contradiction for long. P and P may have come into KB for reasons that are still in force and the system may re derive P and P, or other similar conflicts, later on. Thus, in [Miller and Perlis, 1993; Gurney et al. 1997; Purang, 2001] we have investigated ways to allow an ac tive logic based reasoner to retrace its history of inferences, examine what led to the contradiction, and perform metareasoning concerning which of these warrants continued belief. However, in general such an ....

M. Miller and D. Perlis. Pre- sentations and this and that: logic in action. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1993.

....if are in KB at time (step number) i, then will be added to the KB at time i 1. This is not the place to survey the various approaches to reasoning under uncertainty, nor to rehearse our reasons for pursuing logic based reasoning methods. For more information on these matters see [20, 21, 36,7]. In ongoing work begun in [38]wehave been exploring ways to keep the KB size not merely finite but bounded, analogous to human short term memory. 2) i : A, A B i 1 : B (In general there may be conditions that must be met before such a rule can fire see below# but if a rule can fire, ....

....evidence. But while disinheriting contradictands is a reasonable first step, it is often not enough even to defuse the contradiction for long. P and :Pmayhavecomeinto KB for reasons that are still in force and the system may re derive P and :P, or other similar conflicts, later on. Thus, in [36, 25, 47] wehaveinvestigated ways to allowanactive logic based reasoner to retrace its history of inferences, examine what led to the contradiction, and perform metareasoning concerning which of these warrants continued belief. However, in general such an expedient is far too naive to be useful, and ....

M. Miller and D. Perlis. Presentations and this and that: logic in action. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive ScienceSociety, Boulder, Colorado, 1993.

....character of our logic offers protection from inconsistency, in two ways: it affords a consistent meta theory, and it allows for an inconsistent but still useful agent theory. While we have not concentrated on the latter aspect in the present paper, other work makes substantial use of this idea [46, 15, 43]. Why is our meta theory consistent, in light of negative results by Montague, Thomason, and others The main intuition is that Montague and Thomason tried to model ideal agents, while our main goal is to model bounded agents. Therefore, not all the axioms which they present are used in our ....

M. Miller and D. Perlis. Presentations and this and that: logic in action. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1993.

....latter are beliefs of the form Now (t) i.e. the logic knows what time it is. This time stratified knowledge representation and reasoning is crucial to many applications of active logics, from deadlinecoupled planning [4] to time sensitive inference in general [1] to contradiction detection [20], to discourse pragmatics [21, 22] allowing the introduction of temporal subtleties into certain formal treatments of presupposition such as [23] In the example above, at step i 1, B has just been inferred from A and A B at step i. Also illustrated is the fact that beliefs at one step need ....

.... are encountered, active logic can, first of all, disinherit the contradictands so they do not cause further untrustworthy beliefs, and second, retrace its history of inferences to examine what led to the contradiction, performing metareasoning concerning which of these warrants continued belief [20, 21]. For certain domains in which the automated system is a helper or advice taker, it can also simply pass along the contradictory situation to a human user and await advice. Indeed, a primary aim of our research into active logics has been to explore the extent to which contradictions may be ....

Miller, M., Perlis, D.: Presentations and this and that: logic in action. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado (1993)

....are beliefs of the form ##### ##### , i.e. the logic knows what time it is. This time stratified knowledge representation and reasoning is crucial to many applications of active logics, from deadline coupled planning [4] to time sensitive inference in general [1] to contradiction detection [23], to discourse pragmatics [24, 25] allowing the introduction of temporal subtleties into certain formal treatments of presupposition such as [26] In the example above, at step # ### , has just been inferred from and ##### at step # . Also illustrated is the fact that beliefs at one ....

.... are encountered, active logic can, first of all, disinherit the contradictands so they do not cause further untrustworthy beliefs, and second, retrace its history of inferences to examine what led to the contradiction, performing metareasoning concerning which of these warrants continued belief [23, 24]. For certain domains in which the automated system is a helper or advice taker, it can also simply pass along the contradictory situation to a human user and await advice. Indeed, a primary aim of our research into active logics has been to explore the extent to which contradictions may be ....

Miller, M., Perlis, D.: Presentations and this and that: logic in action. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado (1993)

....track of those objects in an internal language 4. classify those objects into appropriate categories 5. reason about those categories, e.g. count or estimate sizes, form and apply defaults, etc. 6. revise categories and category membership as needed 3 Discussion Some of our previous work [3, 2, 6, 10, 8, 14, 11] treated rather disjointed aspects of this long range problem. In this position paper we simply single out four key aspects of the more integrarive long range task: calibration, counting, grounding, and grouping. Some aspects of the larger task are not ones we intend to address, especially those ....

M. Miller and D. Perlis. Presentations and this and that: logic in action. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1993.

....engine are done by the engine, not by a separate module while the engine is turned off or idling. Thus self adjusting logics of confusion seem to be the order of the day. What form such logics may eventually take is far from clear. I note that OSCAR [21, 24, 22, 23] as well as active (step) logics [4, 3, 5, 16, 9] are beginnings. It is clear that human commonsense reasoning involves many conflict driven changes of belief, and that this is in need of being better understood for both cognitive and robotic purposes. ....

M. Miller and D. Perlis. Presentations and this and that: logic in action. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1993.

....infinitely many conclusions. Inference must be fast and narrow. So some sort of guides must contain the logic, perhaps a kind of short term memory. Active logics appear to have features well suited to all these desiderata. Already they have been applied to default reasoning [1, 3, 2] indexicals [4, 5] , observations [1, 3] plans and deadlines [6, 7] contradiction detection and recovery [1, 4] and semantic shift [4, 5] While we have not applied active logics to position indexicals, we have done so for other indexicals and for meaning change in other settings, and we suspect the same ....

....of short term memory. Active logics appear to have features well suited to all these desiderata. Already they have been applied to default reasoning [1, 3, 2] indexicals [4, 5] observations [1, 3] plans and deadlines [6, 7] contradiction detection and recovery [1, 4] and semantic shift [4, 5] . While we have not applied active logics to position indexicals, we have done so for other indexicals and for meaning change in other settings, and we suspect the same techniques can be applied here. We are currently working on a shortterm memory addition to active logics [7] which will ensure ....

M. Miller and D. Perlis. Presentations and this and that: logic in action. In 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1993.

....the required inferences (as called for by our revised version of Heim s update function) as the discourse evolves through time. Keywords: presupposition, discourse, context, accommodation, active logic 1 Background on active logic and presupposition. Active logic [ Elgot Drapkin and Perlis, 1990, Perlis and Miller, 1993 ] is a family of formalisms developed for the purpose of modeling the reasoning process in a way that respects the passage of time as reasoning proceeds. That is, the reasoner may have beliefs (draw inferences) concerning what time it is (now) and these are updated during reasoning since what ....

D. Perlis and M. Miller. Presentations and this and that: Logic in action. Boulder, Colorado, 1993. Cog-Sci-93.

....keep track of those objects in an internal language 4. classify those objects into appropriate categories 5. reason about those categories, e.g. count or estimate sizes, form and apply defaults, etc. 6. revise categories and category membership as needed 3 Discussion Some of our previous work [3, 2, 6, 10, 8, 14, 11] treated rather disjointed aspects of this longrange problem. In this position paper we simply single out four key aspects of the more integrative long range task: calibration, counting, grounding, and grouping. Some aspects of the larger task are not ones we intend to address, especially those ....

M. Miller and D. Perlis. Presentations and this and that: logic in action. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1993.

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