A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80  The Language and its Implementation. Computer Science. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1983.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....a partial proof that the runtime assertion checker can be used as an e#ective framework for developing other specification based tools. I believe that the techniques and approaches developed in this dissertation are applicable to other object oriented programming languages such as Smalltalk [54] [83] C [46] 145] and C# [159] and to formal BISLs with features like those in JML. The contextual interpretation of undefinedness can be implemented in languages with exception handling mechanisms. The delegation approach can be elegantly implemented in dynamically typed languages like ....

Adele Goldberg and David Robson. Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass., 1983.

....[5] as well as the ability to statically detect run time errors such as message not understood. 1 Introduction Object oriented languages have been classi ed as either class based or delegationbased according to the underlying object oriented model. In class based languages, such as Smalltalk [7] and C [4] the implementation of an object is speci ed by a template, the class of the object, and every object is created by instantiating its class. In contrast, delegation based languages, such as Self [9] are centered around the idea that objects are created dynamically by modifying ....

A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

....of software. Moreover, together with the modularity of software, it is worth mentioning the modularity of data structures: it is important for a programming language to offer choices of various degrees of visibility for data, with flexible scoping rules. It is also worth mentioning that Smalltalk [GR83] was originally designed having in mind operating systems for laptops [Mit97] which are flexible machines by definition, when laptops were a dream faraway from reality. The basic ideas that characterize OO languages are very simple : the computational entities are the objects, generated from ....

....in hierachical structures. This is an implementation technique which is used to organize and reuse the code. ffl Class based vs object based: OO languages have been classified as either class based or object based according to the underlying OO model. In class based languages, such as Smalltalk [GR83] and C [ES90] the implementation of an object is specified by a template, the class of the object, and every object is created by instantiating its class. At least according to some common rules. There is indeed a test, called the Ingalls test [Mit97] which can be used to decide whether a ....

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A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

....for which Supported by Polish KBN Grant 8 T11C 035 14 and Polish KBN Grant 8 T11C 028 20. it provides a typed counterpart of the substitutivity concept, that essentially allows to treat an object with a certain set of functionalities also as an object that has a subset of such functionalities [9]. The relation of subtyping for (parametric) polymorphic types ( has been axiomatized by J. Mitchell in 1988 in [12] In this work, Mitchell introduced the concept of retyping functions , which are better known in the literature as coercions. The word coercion , as remarked in [10, 11] ....

A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

....incomparable. However, it is simple to compute that d 0 = LCG(d 1 ; d 2 ) These results allow Ares to create the class GeometricF igure (except for the name) and to produce the resulting hierarchy. ffl Codes and signatures give the LCG The last example (cf. Figure 7) is taken from Smalltalk 80 [GR83] and adapted to a typed world. Given the class Date, inserting the class Time should produce a factorization class (Magnitude) with the method = common to Date and Time and deferred versions of methods and = The occurrences of the generic properties = have to be compared and their ....

A. Golberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, the Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1983.

....8 T11C 035 14 and Polish KBN Grant 8 T11C 028 20. Address for corresponding: Institute of Informatics, Warsaw University, ul. Banacha 2, 02 097 Warsaw, Poland essentially allows to treat an object with a certain set of functionalities also as an object that has a subset of such functionalities [9]. The relation of subtyping for (parametric) polymorphic types ( has been axiomatized by Mitchell in 1988 [12] In that work, Mitchell introduced the concept of retyping functions , which are better known in the literature as coercions. The word coercion , as remarked in [10, 11] occurs ....

Goldberg, A., Robson, D.: Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation, Addison Wesley, 1983.

....languages like C [ES90] Java [AG96] and Object Pascal [Tes85] which come close to type safety, but whose rigid and in exible type systems result in the need for type casts in order to express the programmer s desires. At the other extreme are untyped or weakly typed languages like Smalltalk [GR83] which are prone to run time errors of the form message not understood. Somewhere between these extremes are languages like Beta [MMMP90] and Ei el [Mey92] which require either run time checks or more elaborate link time checks to pick up errors that cannot be detected reliably by a static ....

A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk{80: The language and its implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

....for Extensible Objects 1. Introduction In the last ten years, many theoretical studies have addressed the problem of deriving safe and exible type systems for object oriented languages. The interest of these studies has initially been centered around class based languages like Smalltalk [18]; later it has been directed towards object based languages, such as Self [25] Class based and object based languages are distinguished by a main conceptual di erence in the underlying object oriented models. Brie y, in class based languages, objects are created by class instantiation, and ....

A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

....protection mechanisms are correctly implemented. In our system, changes are much more limited. This di erence probably corresponds to the fact the Pylon was designed with iterators from the beginning, whereas we added them to an existing library. Our collection class is inspired by its Smalltalk [GR83] counterpart, which leads us to a similar iteration scheme. Of course, in Smalltalk, iterations are supported directly by the language keyword syntax. In Java [JGS96] the collection framework features powerful iterators, based on Enumerations and the inner class language mechanism. The latter ....

A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, the Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

....of more complex objects are good candidates for aliasing, such as for example the various objects used to represent abstract syntax tree [6] or AST, nodes. 3. USING AN ALIAS PROVIDER Shared symbol names are akin to the symbols provided as early as 1960 by Lisp [7] or in the 80 s by Smalltalk [8], or to the 90 s interned strings of Java [9] This kind of mechanism is not provided by the Ei el language. Ei el developers thus have to write their own code to explicitly take care of interning, or aliasing. In SmallEi el, we implemented this kind of aliasing with an alias provider (or ....

....A SINGLETON Other features here. feature fNONEg Singleton part singleton memory: A SINGLETON is once Result : Current; end; invariant is actually singleton: Current = singleton memory end A SINGLETON Current is the Ei el notation for the current object, like self in Smalltalk [8] or this in Java [9] or C [12] singleton memory is an Ei el once function [3] Such a function is executed only once, the rst time it is called. Subsequent calls return exactly the same result which is automatically memorized for all instances of the same class. Since singleton memory is ....

Goldberg A, Robson D. Smalltalk-80, the Language and its Implementation. Addison-Wesley: Reading, Massachusetts, 1983.

....[5] as well as the ability to statically detect run time errors such as message not understood. 1 Introduction Object oriented languages have been classi ed as either class based or delegationbased according to the underlying object oriented model. In class based languages, such as Smalltalk [7] and C [4] the implementation of an object is speci ed by a template, the class of the object, and every object is created by instantiating its class. In contrast, delegation based languages, such as Self [9] are centered around the idea that objects are created dynamically by modifying ....

A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

....typed class based object oriented language, implemented by compilation into a stack based virtual machine code. The bytecode has instructions for stack manipulation, for sending a message to an object (to access a field or invoke a method) for return, for jump, and so on [51] the second edition [52] omits most of the material on the virtual machine) Self (1989) is a dynamically typed class less object oriented language. Self has a particularly simple and elegant stack based virtual machine code: every instruction has a three bit instruction op code and a five bit index , or instruction ....

A. Goldberg, D. Robson, Smalltalk-80, The Language and Its Implementation, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1989.

....(1980) is a dynamically typed class based object oriented language, implemented by compilation into a stack based virtual machine code. The bytecode has instructions for stack manipulation, for sending a message to an object (to access a field or invoke a method) for return, for jump, and so on [51] (the second edition [52] omits most of the material on the virtual machine) Self (1989) is a dynamically typed class less object oriented language. Self has a particularly simple and elegant stack based virtual machine code: every instruction has a three bit instruction op code and a ....

A. Goldberg, D. Robson, Smalltalk-80, The Language and Its Implementation, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1983.

....the order of method addition. 1 Introduction In the last ten years, many theoretical studies have addressed the problem of deriving safe and exible type systems for object oriented languages. The interest of these studies has initially been centered around class based languages like Smalltalk [16], and has subsequently been directed to delegation based languages, such as Self [21] Despite the conceptual di erences between the underlying object oriented models 1 , several ideas originated from the experience on class based languages have proved useful in the development of type systems ....

A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

....of a class is a sub set of all its super classes. Therefore, we can consider an extended is instance of relationship: extension(Y) X X is instance of Y X is instance of Y X is instance of Y X is instance of Y Z, X is instance of Z Z inherits from Y Abstract [15] or mixin [25] classes are called the ones which cannot have direct instances. However, their extension is not null because of their sub classes. Abstract classes act as behavioural abstractions for their sub classes. 4 Information Sciences 86, 149 178 (1995) N.Bassiliades, I.Vlahavas X ....

.... PRACTIC supports both pre defined meta classes and meta classes supplied by a model designer to tailor the data model ( 13, 21, 23] We have adopted the terminology and instance hierarchy of ADAM [16, 22] which is essentially the same for any type less, class based OO system, like SmallTalk [15] or Loops [25] ADAM is based on Prolog and our choice for it is justified by the intention to build a knowledge base tool on PRACTIC. However, the meta class 6 Information Sciences 86, 149 178 (1995) N.Bassiliades, I.Vlahavas hierarchy of PRACTIC is slightly different from ADAM, since the ....

A. Goldberg, D. Robson, Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation (AddisonWesley, 1983).

....or as the target of a relationship (described by a relationship concept) such as inheritance or aggregation. Hereafter, we present the few elements of OFL that are essential for the understanding of this paper. The system is fully rei ed: the classes (such as in CLOS [Kee89] or Smalltalk [GR83]) and the relationships are also described as instances. 1 For all Authors: Laboratoire I3S (UNSA CNRS) Team OCL, 2000 route des lucioles, Les Algorithmes btiment Euclide B, BP 121, F 06903 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX, France. E Mails: Adeline.Capouillez Robert.Chignoli Pierre.Crescenzo ....

A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80  The Language and its Implementation. Computer Science. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1983.

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A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80  The Language and its Implementation. Computer Science. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1983.

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A. Goldberg and D. Robson. SmallTalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addition-Westley, 1983. ISBN: 0-201-11371-6.

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A. Goldberg and D. Robson. SmallTalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addition-Westley, 1983. ISBN: 0-201-11371-6.

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A. Goldberg, D. Robson, \Smalltalk-80, the Language and its Implementation", Addison-Wesley, 1983.

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A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80, the Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983.

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A. Goldberg, D. Robson: SMALLTALK 80, the language and its implementation. Addison Wesley 1983.

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A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80. The language and its implementation. Addison-Wesley (1983).

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A, Goldberg and D, Robson. .Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation. Addison Wesley. Reading. Massachusetts. 1983.

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Adele Goldberg and David Robson, Smalltalk-80, the Language and its Implementation, AddisonWesley, Palo Alto, CA, January 1983.

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