ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group, Specification of the KQML agent-communication language, working paper, July 1993  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....building functioning KQML speaking agents required agreement on certain choices, often on issues seemingly as obscure, as what is, for example, the terminating character of the ASCII stream that is a KQML message transmitted over a TCP connection. 3 KQML: Concepts of ACL s Existing ACLs are KQML [1] [24] its many dialects and variants, and FIPA ACL. KQML illustrates the basic concepts of all these. With the exception of ACL, a KQML variant that assumes KIF as the content language, all KQML dialects and FIPA ACL follow the basic concepts of KQML that we discuss here. KQML is a high level, ....

....since an agent needs to know at least the network protocol (TCP, SMTP) that the receiving agent can process. Di#erent groups made di#erent choices on these (and many other) issues, since the KQML specification o#ered no prescribed way for addressing them. In summary, the early KQML specification [1] described a concept (the Agent Communication Language) and a framework for future work; by no means, was it a specification for a working prototype or an implementation. Agent designers were implicitly asked to make their choices on a number of issues as they saw fit, as long as they stayed ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group, July 1993.

....distributed over networks under the SAGE (Smart AGent Environment) project. This project utilizes software agent technology, especially of those conversational agents which communicate by ACL (Agent Communication Language) 1] ACL consists of KQML (Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language) [5] and KIF (Knoqledge Interchange Format) 4] Main research areas for SAGE project include: ffl Agentification of users and legacy applications ffl Facilitation of interoperation between agents by facilitators, a kind of mediator agents ffl Message formats and transactions ffl Libraries and ....

The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative External Interfaces Working Group, "Specification of the KQML Agent Communication Language," 1994/2/9, URL: http://logic.stanford.edu/papers/kqml.ps

....SAGE bases itself on conversational software agents. One needs common communication protocol, which can communicate messages in a structured way in order to convey meaning. We decided to use Agent Communication Language (ACL) which consists of KQML (Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language) [5] and KIF (Knowledge Interchange Format) 4] for the common communication protocol. Agents can be characterized by the roles assigned to those agents. We have user agents, database agents and mediator agents called facilitators in SAGE. User agents represent users as agents in SAGE. Database ....

....resources can be users or GUI (Graphical User Interface) for user agents and DBMSs for database agents. The agent cores are different from one agent to another and the details will be described for our agents in later sections. Agents are supposed to have their virtual knowledge bases (VKBs) [5] in SAGE. A VKB is a set of KIF sentences in SAGE and transactions between agents are realized as accesses to each other agent s VKB. KQML performatives implemented currently for SAGE:Francis are ask all, ask one, reply, advertise and sorry. 3.2 User Agents A user agent process is ....

The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative External Interfaces Working Group, "Specification of the KQML Agent Communication Language," 1994/2/9, URL: http://logic.stanford.edu/papers/kqml.ps

....of knowledge about the representation of knowledge; it provides for the representation of nonmonotonic reasoning rules; and it provides for the definition of objects, functions, and relations. 18] The ARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort (KSE) designed another common language called KQML. [7] KQML, now adopted by most researchers in the AI domain [11] stands for the Intelligent Agents for Network Management 29 06 98 EPFL ICA 13 Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language. KQML is an agent communication ....

DARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group, Specification of the KQML Agent-Communication Language, June 1993

.... have modeled such actions as operators in planning systems [1, 2, 6, 14] and have developed logical frameworks for providing their semantics [12, 22, 24] Recently, a number of researchers have proposed artificial languages based on speech act theory as the foundation for interagent communication [15, 18, 19, 27, 28]. The most elaborate and developed of these is KQML [15] In this language, agents communicate by passing so called performatives to each other. KQML is offered to the agent community as an extensible language with an open ended set of performatives, whose meaning is independent 1 of the ....

.... and have developed logical frameworks for providing their semantics [12, 22, 24] Recently, a number of researchers have proposed artificial languages based on speech act theory as the foundation for interagent communication [15, 18, 19, 27, 28] The most elaborate and developed of these is KQML [15]. In this language, agents communicate by passing so called performatives to each other. KQML is offered to the agent community as an extensible language with an open ended set of performatives, whose meaning is independent 1 of the propositional content language (e.g. Prolog, first order ....

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ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative External Interfaces Working Group. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. Working paper, 1993.

....Il semble aussi qu il y ait moins d emphase sur l obtention d une specification formelle complete du systeme. 4 Communication en CONGOLOG Les applications multi agents necessitent generalement des outils pour la communication entre agents. Un choix populaire est le langage de communication KQML [2] et les outils associes. Toutefois selon Cohen et Levesque [1] la definition de KQML souffre de nombreuses lacunes, en particulier l absence de semantique formelle. Comme un de nos objectifs est de demontrer l utilite de CONGOLOG pour divers types de taches, nous choisissons ici de definir nos ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative External Interfaces Working Group. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. Working Paper, juin 1993.

....all blocked interrupt loops in oe at the lowest priority, i.e. when there are no more actions in oe that can be executed. 6 COMMUNICATION IN CONGOLOG Multi agent applications usually require some kind of inter agent communication facility. A popular choice is the KQML communication language [5] and its associated tools. However according to Cohen and Levesque [1] the KQML definition has many deficiencies, in particular the lack of a formal semantics. One of our objectives is to show that ConGolog is suitable for various implementation tasks, so here we define our own simple ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative External Interfaces Working Group. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. Working Paper, June 1993.

....create, and edit ontologies stored on an ontology server. Users can quickly assemble a new ontology from a library of existing modules, extend the result with new definitions and constraints, check for logical consistency, and publish the result back to the library. 4 KQML and ACL concepts KQML [1, 18] illustrates the basic concepts of existing ACLs. Existing ACLs are KQML with its many dialects and variants, and FIPA ACL. With the exception of ACL, a KQML variant that assumes KIF as the content language, all KQML dialects and FIPA ACL follow the same basic concepts of KQML that we discuss ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group, July 1993.

....names are well known keywords. A client therefore can learn the syntax and low level semantics of a procedure call at run time. There are many precedents for such a language the Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) of X.400 X. 500 [8, 9] the AI oriented knowledge representation language KQML [15], or standard IDL languages such as in ILU, DCE, or CORBA. The rest of this paper describes an environment that supports service discovery, illustrates in more detail the limitations of RPC, and discusses several issues in implementing service discovery. 2.0 What Nomadic Computing Should Look ....

DARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative: External Interfaces Working Group. "Specification of the KQML agentcommunication language." Tech. Rep., June 1993. ftp://ksl.stanford.edu/pub/knowledge-sharing/papers/ kqml-spec.ps.

....these conventions might come from. One approach is to agree upon a set of conventions and hence a particular domain ontology in advance, and embed them in all future agent communication protocols. This is the approach underlying the standardisation efforts associated with Ontolingua [3] and KQML [1]. There are several reasons however why this may not be the best way to proceed. 1. It is hard to imagine how there could ever be a world wide consensus about the ontologies and associated languages for every possible domain of multi agent application. 2. Multi agent systems are typically open ....

....data are given followed by the features that have been extracted based on the discrimination trees developed so far. Although the speaker has a distinctive feature set namely f sc0 1 g, it has no words yet for it. The game therefore fails. The speaker creates a new word. r1: Objects: o0= 0] [1,0,0,0] sc0 1 o1= 46] 0,2,12,3] sc1 127,sc2 127,sc3 127 o2= 96] 0,1,0,193] sc1 127,sc3 127 r1: Topic=o0 r0: Objects: o0= 0] 1,0,0,0] sc0 1 o1= 6] 0,86,12,169] sc1 127,sc2 127,sc3 127 o2= 7] 0,81,9,168] sc1 127,sc2 127,sc3 127 o3= 9] 0,82,12,171] ....

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Arpa Knowledge Sharing Initiative. Specification of the KQML agentcommunication language. External Interfaces Working group working paper, July 1993.

....on several levels. On the level of message structure (how to order the bytes to describe the communicated object) we require a protocol equivalent to CORBA (Object Management Group 1995) On the level of agent dialogue (the structure of conversational interaction) something like KQML is required (ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative 1993). KQML messages include pairs of attributes and values that describe the purpose and context of the message. The :content field contains the substance of the communication; the part that talks about the world. We assume that the syntax of the content value is constrained by a language, such as ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative (1993). Specification of the KQML agent-communication language., ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group. http://retriever.cs.umbc.edu/kqml/.

....(or ELF, for extended l ogical form) often a logical representation of either the goal that the user was trying to achieve, or the action that was being performed. This logical expression then gets passed to a subprocess (often referred to as a mediator (Genesereth and Ketchpel, 1994; ARPA Knowledge Sharing Group, 1993)) that translates this expression into terms understood by the rest of the agent architecture . It might expand a predicate into a conjunction of literals, reorder or drop arguments, change data models from a logical to an object oriented one, etc. Information sources wrap their APIs into the ....

....to other facilitators accessible to it on the network. More generally, the agents will make requests of one another, commit to performing actions, supply information, etc. using one or more agent communication languages, such as KQML (Cohen and Levesque, 1995; Genesereth and Ketchpel, 1994; ARPA Knowledge Sharing Group, 1993; Labrou and Finin, 1994) or scripting languages, such as Java, Telescript, TCL. A significant challenge for the Tactical Picture Agent architecture is to devise a scheme for organizing these facilitators and method monitors in a network so that distributed queries are eventually answered, and ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative External Interfaces Working Group. Specification of the KQML agentcommunication language. Technical Report Working paper, June 1993.

....similarly intended agents to whom agents advertise their services and ask for assistance in finding other agents that can provide services for them. Our goal is to provide a semantic description for the language in a way that captures all the intuitions expressed in its existing documentation [ ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, 1993 ] The lack of semantics for KQML has been a long standing problem of KQML. Moreover, although agents engage into extended interactions with other agents (conversations) conversations is an issue that has received little attention with respect to KQML, or other agent communication languages ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group working paper., July 1993.

....to publish, browse, create, and edit ontologies stored on an ontology server. Users can quickly assemble a new ontology from a library of existing modules, extend the result with new definitions and constraints, check for logical consistency, and publish the result back to the library. KQML [1, 20] illustrates the basic concepts of existing ACLs. All KQML dialects and FIPA ACL follow the same basic concepts of KQML that we discuss here. KQML is a high level, message oriented communication language and protocol for information exchange independent of content syntax and applicable ontology. ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group, July 1993.

....or knowledge representation framework. 2.1 The problem of semantics for KQML KQML semantics have not been formally defined. Our goal is to provide a semantic description for the language, in a way that captures all the intuitions about the language, expressed in its existing documentation [10,2] and is faithful to the linguistic origins of the language, without making commitments to specific agent models and coordination protocols in order to ensure the widest possible applicability of the language. There is good reason to supplement KQML with formal semantics. The lack of semantics for ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group working paper., July 1993.

....between software agents. KQML offers a variety of message types (performatives) that express an attitude regarding the content of the exchange. Performatives can also assist agents in finding other agents that can process their requests. Our starting point for the specification of KQML is [1]. Although the differences regarding the syntax of KQML messages and the reserved performative parameters are minimal, there are significant changes regarding the set of reserved performatives, their meaning and intended use. Note: This document is not the official new KQML specification. It is ....

....of a recommend one and a response to it. 38 16 An example of a recruit one and its follow up. A proposal for a new KQML specification 1 This document constitutes a proposal for a revision of the current KQML specification document ([1]) Although the differences regarding the syntax of KQML messages and the reserved performative parameters are minimal, there are significant changes regarding the set of reserved performatives, their meaning and intended use. Parts of Sections 1 and 2 appear in the current KQML specification ....

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ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group working paper., July 1993.

....of the performatives for the agent s language or knowledge representation framework. KQML semantics have not been formally defined. Our goal is to provide a semantic description for the language, in a way that captures all the intuitions about the language, expressed in its existing documentation [1] without making commitments to specific agent models and coordination protocols in order to ensure the widest possible applicability of the language. There is good reason to supplement KQML with formal semantics. The lack of semantics for KQML has often been a source of criticism for KQML. Also, ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group, July 1993.

....common network protocols, i.e. TCP IP. Data transport uses the CORBA distributed object standard; specifically, Xerox s ILU (InterLanguage Unification) version of CORBA. The structure of messages and of conversations is implemented according to KQML (Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language) [1]. Figure 2 shows the structure of a message, with example values for the message attributes. The performative identifies the type of message: for example, tell, ask about one, or ask about all (we use a different font to identify terms defined in an ontology or as part of some language) ....

....the value for :receiver, and also its own location code, by communicating with a Registry agent (at a fixed address) The :ontology and the :language elements describe the contents of the :content field. KQML s designers intended performatives to have meaning independent of the content language [1]. Thus, the specified :language could be SQL, Prolog, first order logic, ad hoc values understood by certain other agents, or anything else. In the example, a TPA (Task Planning Agent) tells an SCA (Service Classifier Agent) the nature of its services. The SCA parses the :content using the ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, "Specification of the KQML agentcommunication language", 1993. http://retriever.cs.umbc.edu/kqml/.

....of Rosenschein and Kaelbling [19] which allows knowledge to be attributed to agents without any commitment to a symbolic architecture. 4 Communication in CONGOLOG Most multi agent applications require some kind of agent communication facility. A popular choice is the KQML communication language [2] and its associated tools. However according to Cohen and Levesque [1] the KQML definition has many deficiencies, in particular the lack of a formal semantics. One of our objectives is to show that CONGOLOG is suitable for various implementation tasks, so here we chose to define our own simple ....

ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative External Interfaces Working Group. Specification of the KQML agent-communication language. Working Paper, June 1993.

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ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative, External Interfaces Working Group, Specification of the KQML agent-communication language, working paper, July 1993

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ARPA Knowledge Sharing Initiative. 1992. Specification of the KQML agent--communication language.

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