Glaser, B. G. and A. Strauss (1967): The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Chicago, Aldine.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to increasingly abstract concepts that have broader applicability than lower level, concrete hypotheses. This iterative theory building process can also be described as moving from substantive theory (applicable to the particular case) to formal theory (may be applied to a variety of situations) [28]. It is not only inductive (moving from the data to theory) but also tightly interrelated with practice: field work leads to theory building which leads to further research into practice. As a result, the theory developed reflects the actions, problems and issues facing practitioners. This is ....

....The spiral towards understanding is never completed: each research cycle may result in richer and deeper understanding, but there is always more understanding to be gained. At some point, the researcher stops adding cases or revisiting existing data through the research cycles. Glaser and Strauss [28] suggest that the addition of new cases ceases when the researcher reaches theoretical saturation: when many observations have been seen before, and consequently the incremental additions to understanding are slight. Practical considerations are also important here, such as available funding or ....

B. Glaser and A. Strauss, The discovery of grounded theory: strategies of qualitative research. London: Wiedenfeld & Nicholson, 1967.

....analyses, an understanding of grounded theory was particularly important. Grounded theory can provide help in situations where little is known about a topic or problem area, or to generate new ideas in settings that have become static or stale. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss [7] in the 60 s, grounded theory deals with the generation of theory from data. Researchers start with an area of interest, collect data, and allow relevant ideas to develop. Rigid pre conceived ideas are seen to prevent the development of research. To capture relevant data, qualitative research ....

Glaser, B.G., and Strauss, A.L. `The discovery of grounded theory: strategies of qualitative research' Chicago: Aldine Publications.1967

.... of the grounded theory based data analysis resides in finding conceptual categories and abstractions related to the research goal from a rich set of interviewees mentions and other data, and in combining these categories meaningfully to provide theoretical insight into the phenomenon in question [22]. For the analysis, the interviews were tape recorded and transcribed, resulting in c. 400 pages of text. A software tool designed for grounded theory based data analysis (ATLAS.ti TM) was used for managing and analyzing the data, including also the documents about software processes and the ....

Glaser, B. and Strauss, A. L., The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chigago: Aldine, 1967.

....of in depth interviews with 13 Internet users (8 eshoppers, 5 non shoppers) The interviews aimed to elicit their perception of risk, evaluation strategies for online shops, and other intervening factors. The transcripts of the interviews were analysed using coding techniques from Grounded Theory [7, 28]. This process allowed us to construct a model of consumer decision making in online shopping [study II] We analysed existing interface design guidelines for building trustworthy interfaces , and added the elements identified in the literature review [I] and our study [II] This new set of ....

Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aline Publications.

.... mechanisms are found in many settings, we do not require that analysts will necessarily agree on the mechanisms used in a particular site (although one should at least recognize the set proposed by another analyst) In our own work, we draw on four field based research traditions: grounded theory [7], ethnographic research [19] case study research [21] and the clinical perspective in fieldwork [16] We have found these perspectives useful because they focus on the categories and terms that process participants themselves use to describe the process while imposing a minimum level of external ....

B. G. Glaser and A. L. Strauss. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing.

....etc. Such data will provide a set of qualitative descriptions of the phenomena and facilitate the identification of evolutionary mechanisms and of the major drivers underlying the evolutionary characteristics of the individual systems studied. Ideas inspired in the search for grounded theory [bar67] may inform such identification. The goal is to achieve a set of empirically based qualitative models [wol85] of the process. One aspect worthy of further attention is identification of stages, described in [raj00] in the evolution of software. As the empirical data gathering progresses, ....

BARNEY, G.G. and STRAUSS, A.L.: 'The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research', Aldine de Gruyter, 1967 3 An "*" indicates that the paper has been reprinted in [leh85].

....about 1.5 to 2 hours. Although the tapes were not transcribed verbatim, they were used to write very detailed notes after the fact. The notes written from the tapes served as the major data source for the analysis part of the study. The analysis method used was the constant comparison method [7,10]. This method begins with coding the field notes by attaching codes, or labels, to pieces of text that are relevant to a particular theme or idea that is of interest in the study. Then passages of text are grouped into patterns according to the codes and subcodes they ve been assigned. These ....

B.G. Glaser and A.L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....team during the requirements gathering phase of the study. These themes were derived by qualitative analysis of the interviews to determine the most frequently mentioned issues in distributed work within the CAR team. This was accomplished using standard practices for qualitative data analysis [8, 9, 12]. This involved constructing inductive code categories first by reading through the background interviews and creating an extensive list of all the reported issues, then clustering these issues into categories of related statements. Descriptive statistics from the pre 5 intervention survey ....

Glaser, B. and A. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine, Chicago, 1967.

....techniques include interviewing and observation, while qualitative analysis techniques include the constant comparison method and cross case analysis. The qualitative analysis method we have chosen to model our dust to pearls technique is the constant comparison method (first proposed by [4] and is described in more practical terms by [8] The constant comparison method was designed to generate grounded theory, in other words to reveal hypotheses (based on trends, patterns, etc. that are grounded in the qualitative data collected. The basic process is to first code a set of ....

Glaser, B. G. a. A. L. S., The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research., 1967.

....requirement and collaborat vetP7 deployment 4.1. Baseline analysis We performed qualitative analyses to determine t e most frequently mentioned issues in distributed work arising from t e interview data. To accomplis t is we followed standard practices for qualitative data analysis [21,8]. We constructed inductive code categories first by reading t roug t e background interviews and creating an extensive list of all t e issues mentioned. We subsequently clustered t ese into t emes of related statements. We used t e most frequently mentioned strategic t emes to summarize t e ....

B. Glaser and A. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research,Aldine,Chicago, Illinois, 1967.

....then, is a set of proposed hypotheses, along with an argument, in the form of supporting evidence, for their further examination. Although the importance of efficient communication, and its relationship to organizational structure, is well supported in the organization theory literature [11, 5], it has not been adequately addressed for software development organizations. Communication has been identified as an important factor in how developers spend their time [12] and some organizational characteristics which affect its efficiency have been suggested [3, 8] Some, but surprisingly ....

B. G. Glaser and A. L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....an untried organization whose development is complicated by geographical, temporal and cultural separation. 3. Our Approach As this is primarily a retrospective study, and given the nature of the of the questions to be answered, it is of necessity a qualitative, rather than quantitative, study [1, 2]. None the less, we have assembled a convincing case of support for what, in this case at least, were the critical factors in success of the test team as a well functioning multi site team. As the basis for our study we collected data from various sources: the project retrospective, the ....

Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: strategies for qualitative research, New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1967.

.... may not be appropriate in research because the potential for exploitation is increased, and the participant may come to expect a long term caring relationship which does not eventuate (Ribbens, 1989) Processes of Analysis The principles and methods associated with grounded theory, as espoused by Glaser and Strauss [1967]) are useful in the context of multiple case research. However, the principle of grounding theory in texts is permeated by a conflict in underlying assumptions. This conflict contributes substantially to the tension which developed between Glaser and Strauss (see Glaser, 1992) In their early ....

....substantially to the tension which developed between Glaser and Strauss (see Glaser, 1992) In their early work, Glaser and Strauss were both concerned with the discovery of the theory that exists in the data. Despite acknowledging that the researcher has a focus, an interest, and a perspective, Glaser and Strauss (1967) argued that the researcher must study an area without any preconceived theory that dictates, prior to the research, relevancies in concepts and hypotheses (p. 33) Glaser (1978, 1992) has maintained this position and continues to argue that the researcher is the objective finder, rather than the ....

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Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.

.... Spacecraft monitoring, commanding, fault detection and isolation GTDS (GOTS) Orbit determination Builder Xcessory, X Software, Shared X, Visual Optimization package, X Runner GUI, GUI builders Matlab Computing environment, data visualization, application development 4 comparison method [7, 5], a rigorous qualitative analysis method used to identify trends and consensus in textual data. This type of analysis led to findings about the process steps followed in COTS based development and the main advantages and disadvantages of using COTS. 4 RESULTS OF INTERVIEWS 4.1 Projects and COTS ....

Glaser, B.G., A.L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....types of information. Different study team members reviewed the interview notes, each concentrating on gaining an understanding of a different aspect of COTS based development At the same time, the interview notes were also analyzed using a method loosely based on the constant comparison method [3, 5], a rigorous qualitative analysis method used to identify trends and consensus in textual data. This type of analysis led to findings about the process steps followed in COTS based development and the main advantages and disadvantages of using COTS. 4 RESULTS OF INTERVIEWS 4.1 Projects and COTS ....

Glaser, B.G., A.L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....of work spent on understanding this area of framework use, our focus was on using this information to look for tentative but reasonable hypotheses and not on testing known hypotheses. The process of building theories from empirical research has been first proposed in the social science literature [13, 19] but it is also followed in the software engineering discipline [40] A. Development Processes The analysis approach we used was primarily a mix of qualitative and quantitative, in order to understand in detail the development strategies our subjects undertook. Our first step was to get an ....

H. G. Glaser, A. L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....humanness. Quantitative paradigms depend upon theories generated by others and seek to test and validate these theories. Comparatively, qualitative studies are designed not necessarily to test and validate existing theory but can be designed to develop theory(ies) that is(are) grounded in its data (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Qualitative paradigms are beginning to be more accepted as valid forms of research as they do provide rich and meaningful data that can be re tested, re evaluated, and potentially reproduced. Perhaps another reason why qualititative paradigms are Qualtitative research: Grounded theory 5 ....

....between quantitative and qualitative paradigms sets the stage for discussing grounded theory, a qualitative research method. Over the years, qualitative research has been receiving more attention and acceptance in the world of research (Gall et al. 1996; Domholdt, 1993; Maykut Morehouse, 1994, Glaser Strauss, 1967; Flinders Mill, 1993) The need to propose new theories based on how society, people and cultures have changed or evolved has led to a greater number of qualitative studies today. The need to describe human interactions and behavior from a descriptive standpoint drives the designs of ....

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Glaser B. & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative reserach. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

....by e.g. interviewing different persons without having an a priori assumption and then arriving at a theory is called Grounded theory . The grounded theory method is described as a very solid method giving results (theories) not easily refuted by more data or completely replaced by another theory [Glaser and Strauss 1967]. Analyses of data The method used for analysing the information and material flow in the companies is the SDAmethod Systematic Description of Activities [Bostrm et al. 1986] It is a hierarchical method which can be used on any level in the process from company level down to a single discrete ....

Glaser, B.G., Strauss, A.L. (1967), " The discovery of grounded theory - Strategies for qualitative research", Aldine de Gruyter, NY, USA, pp 262.

....observed phenomena. Central to this technique is an extended series of repeated observations to establish credibility [18] In this way, the method is similar to the ones used in Astronomy and the social sciences [8] Finally, a theory is built using these observations (e.g. with grounded theory [5]) to make predictions (hypotheses) that are tested with future studies. Our strategy for understanding the problem of parallel changes is to look at the problem from a number of different angles and viewpoints in the context of a largescale, real time system and a large scale development. We have ....

Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....described, some 40 of them were implemented in great detail as knowledge based agents. Now this work is to be applied to a real world domain. The empirical model comes with its scientific history, bringing in a background of qualitative field research or grounded theory development (Mayring 1990, Glaser and Strauss 1980). Since some conceptual modeling must go on in BMT, it is advisable to remain coherent in empirical modeling techniques. The researcher Besides bringing in her research history, the investigator also learns from her teaching of thesaurus construction. Since thesauri and library classifications ....

Glaser, B.G.; Strauss, A.L. (1980): The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. 11th edn. New York: Aldine Atherton.

....the KADS methodology of model driven knowledge engineering (Schreiber, Wielinga, and Breuker 1993) KADS tells us to set up an empirical domain model first, and to think of implementation only later. 2. 1 The empirical approach The empirical model of professional summarizing is a grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss 1980, Strauss 1987) the outcome of qualitative field research (Diesing 1971, Mayring 1990) or naturalistic enquiry (Lincoln and Guba 1985) The stance of grounded theories is that meaningful theories about social phenomena, which are often complex by nature and poorly understood, can be obtained ....

Glaser, B.G.; Strauss, A.L. (1980): The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. 11th edn. New York: Aldine Atherton.

....capacities in English are a prerequisite for participation. As a consequence, huge sectors of the world s population are completely excluded. Research Findings This section presents the main findings of the research. The data from the field research was analyzed using grounded theory methodology (Glaser and Strauss 1967; Strauss and Corbin 1994) A number of conceptual core categories evolved from the analysis process and these are presented as a means for considering a number of potentially utopian and dystopian dichotomies. The ones chosen include infinite repository of specialist information or overload of ....

Glaser, B. G., and Strauss, A. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Aldine Publishing, New York, 1967.

....of a system, but the warning signs are often there. It is possible to ask what the burdens are in a baseline, and this may suggest the emphasis for potentials in a subsequent expansion. Our classification of potentials and burdens in this study arose using the practices of grounded theory [Gla67]. We think it is important not to invent or propose a universal taxonomy of benefit types for all types of system, but instead to use ones knowledge of a broad domain, including knowledge gained during data collection itself, to shape such a classification scheme. Our goal, after all, is to ....

Glaser, B.G. and A.L. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. 1967, New York: Aldine De Gruyter.

....software process . The conclusions and endpoints are rarely defined from the start, and they can deviate significantly from initial expectations. As a result, the texts on how to perform ethnographies, from starting the study to analysing the data, tend to offer only high level strategic advice. [1, 5, 6] One comment that rings true is, You know when you re done when you know what questions to ask. The final results tend to be book length descriptive stories, reflecting the complexity of the phenomenon being studied. Often they do not contain a single statistic or table. However, these ....

B. Glaser and A. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine, 1967.

....of work spent on understanding this area of framework use, our focus was on using this information to look for tentative but reasonable hypotheses and not on testing known hypotheses. The process of building theories from empirical research has been first proposed in the social science literature [9, 5] but it is also followed in the software engineering discipline [19] 3.1. Analysis of Maintenance Processes Our first step was to get an overview of what adaptation processes teams had used. By adaptation processes we mean how the team had been organized, what techniques they had used to ....

H. G. Glaser, A. L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....gathered through observation, the parts of the software development process that can actually be observed are limited. Much of software development work takes place inside a person s head. Such activity is difficult to observe, although there are some techniques for doing so. Think aloud protocols [9] require the subject to verbalize his or her thought process so that the observer can understand the process going on. Such protocols are limited by the comfort level of the subject and their ability to articulate their thoughts. It might be possible, also, to capture some of the thought process ....

....and richly describes a phenomenon. Often these propositions are used as hypotheses to be tested in a future study or in some later stage of the same study. These methods are often referred to as grounded theory methods because the theories, or propositions, are grounded in the data [9]. 27 3.1.1 Constant comparison method The classic theory generation method in the qualitative literature is the constant comparison method. This method was originally presented by Glaser and Strauss [9] but has been more clearly and practically explained by others since (e.g. 14] The process ....

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B.G. Glaser and A.L. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....of work spent on understanding this area of framework use, our focus was on using this information to look for tentative but reasonable hypotheses and not on testing known hypotheses. The process of building theories from empirical research has been first proposed in the social science literature [Glaser67, Eisenhardt89] but it is also followed in the software engineering discipline [Seaman97] 7.1. Development Processes The analysis approach we used was primarily a mix of qualitative and quantitative, in order to understand in detail the development strategies our subjects undertook. Our first step was to get ....

H. G. Glaser, A. L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....failure) notes were based on handwritten notes taken during the interview and on memory. 3.2 Data Analysis Initial qualitative analysis of the data began about halfway through data collection. The first analysis was similar to the constant comparison method described by Glaser and Strauss [11] and the comparison method suggested by Eisenhardt in [6] The method consisted of a case by case (meeting by meeting) comparison in order to reveal patterns among the characteristics of inspection meetings. The goal of this initial analysis was to suggest possible relationships between variables. ....

B.G. Glaser and A.L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

....settings. While we hold that our requirements as hypotheses are substantiated through their constructive empirical grounding, they are intended to be extended and refined through further empirical experimentation and measurement, following the tradition of grounded theory research methods [4, 13]. In this sense, our hypotheses are the requirements and the requirements are hypotheses for resolving or clarifying the litany of IS documentation problems we cited in the Introduction. As hypotheses, they can be treated as testable predictions that can be confirmed, revised or refuted in other ....

B. Glaser and A. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publ. Co., Chicago, IL, 1967.

....were used: 1. student responses to questions requiring answers on Likert type scales were recorded on an Excel spreadsheet and graphs showing the distribution of students answers across the range of possible responses were produced for each question. 2. content analysis, of the type described by Glaser and Strauss (1967) was used to analyse data collected via short answer questions in the questionnaire (Effectively, this involved reading students comments a number of times to identify the full range of different responses provided, and then counting the number of students who made each response) 3. ....

Glaser, B. & Strauss, A. (1967). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine.

....observed phenomena. Central to this technique is an extended series of repeated observations to establish credibility [18] In this way, the method is similar to the ones used in Astronomy and the social sciences [8] Finally, a theory is built using these observations (e.g. with grounded theory [5]) to make predictions (hypotheses) that are tested with future studies. Our strategy for understanding the problem of parallel changes is to look at the problem from a number of different angles and viewpoints in the context of a largescale, real time system and a large scale development. We have ....

Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

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Glaser, B. G. and A. Strauss (1967): The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Chicago, Aldine.

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Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine Publishing.

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Glaser, B. and Struass, A. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, 1967.

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Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.

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Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine.

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Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine.

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Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine.

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Glaser, B. and Strauss, A. L. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, Qualitative Research, (1967), Chicago, Aldine Publishing Co.

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B. Glaser and A. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine, 1967.

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Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, New York:Aldine.

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Glaser, B.G., Strauss, A.L.: The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. 11th edn. Aldine Atherton, New York (1980)

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Glaser, B and A. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Chicago, IL: Aldine, 1967.

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B. Glaser and A. L. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chigago: Aldine, 1967.

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Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A., (1967) "The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research." Aldine Publishing Co, Chicago.

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Glaser, B., Strauss A., The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research, Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, 1967.

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Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L., The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Aldin Publishing Co, Chicago, 1967.

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Glaser, B. and Strauss, A. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York, Aldine.

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Glaser BG, Straus AL. The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

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Glaser, Barney G., and Anselm Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Co., 1967.

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