Cisco Systems Inc., "Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet," White Paper, July 1998.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to effectively reduce unnecessary packet loss over traditional drop tail queues. There have been a number of proposals for adapting the Red algorithm in order to implement the AF PHB. These proposals include Red with In Out (RIO) 7] Enhanced Red (ered) 8, 12] and Cisco s Weighted Red (wred) [9]. These algorithms work by selectively applying Red s early detection mechanism based on the the priority marking of the packet. In each scheme, when congestion occurs and the EWMA slowly grows, non priority and lower priority packets are discarded first. This mechanism preferentially delivers ....

Cisco Systems Inc., "Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet," White Paper, July 1998.

....may also cause scalability problems. A compromise between telephone style reservations and provisioning is the use of di erent priority levels, with higher priority given to ows that are expected to receive high quality of service. This is the approach taken in proprietary architectures such as [2]. The work currently underway at the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) on the topic of Di erentiated Services [3] also provides solutions in that direction. Later on, we will show how resource reservations can be built upon Di erentiated Services, such that the dependability of reservations ....

Cisco. Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet, http://www.cisco. com/warp/public/732/net_enabled/qos_wp.htm, May 1997.

....to allocate the bandwidth with respect to the LogRD policy, and to guarantee a minimum bandwidth for the unicast flows. Moreover, Kumar et al. 18] show that it is possible to integrate efficiently a mechanism like HWFQ [1] in a Gigabit router, and WFQ is already available in the recent routers [4]. 5.3 Incremental Deployment An important practical aspect is whether it is possible to incrementally deploy the LogRD policy. To answer this question we make the following experiment. We consider the random topology used in section 4 and a unicast environment consisting of 2000 unicast flows. ....

Cisco, "Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet", White Paper, May 1997.

....to allocate the bandwidth with respect to the LogRD policy, and to guarantee a minimum bandwidth for the unicast flows. Moreover, Kumar et al. 18] show that it is possible to integrate efficiently a mechanism like HWFQ [1] in a Gigabit router, and WFQ is already available in the recent routers [4]. C. Incremental Deployment An important practical aspect is whether it is possible to incrementally deploy the LogRD policy. To answer this question we make the following experiment. We consider the random topology used in section IV and a unicast environment consisting of 2000 unicast flows. ....

Cisco, "Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet", White Paper, May 1997.

....to allocate the bandwidth with respect to the LogRD policy, and to guarantee a minimum bandwidth for the unicast flows. Moreover, Kumar et al. 18] show that it is possible to integrate efficiently a mechanism like HWFQ [1] in a Gigabit router, and WFQ is already available in the recent routers [4]. 5.3 Incremental Deployment An important practical aspect is whether it is possible to incrementally deploy the LogRD policy. To answer this question we make the following experiment. We consider the random topology used in section 4 and a unicast environment consisting of 2000 unicast flows. ....

Cisco, "Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet", White Paper, May 1997.

....to allocate the bandwidth with respect to the LogRD policy, and to guarantee a minimum bandwidth for the unicast flows. Moreover, Kumar et al. 18] show that it is possible to integrate efficiently a mechanism like HWFQ [1] in a Gigabit router, and WFQ is already available in the recent routers [4]. C. Incremental Deployment An important practical aspect is whether it is possible to incrementally deploy the LogRD policy. To answer this question we make the following experiment. We consider the random topology used in section IV and a unicast environment consisting of 2000 unicast flows. ....

Cisco, "Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet", White Paper, May 1997.

....is to nd a speci c value of j, say j , such that pri(R j ) pri(R j ) 8j 6= j and l j i P i r j i ; 8i : 1 i d in order to identify action(R j ) to be applied to the packet P . Packet classi cation functions have started to appear in routers to provision services [1] such as access control in rewalls, load balancing across web servers, policy based routing, virtual private networks, network address translation, quality of service di erentiation, and trac accounting and billing. We evaluate a packet classi cation algorithm for a classi er with N rules on the ....

....denote the range for which e is one of the endpoints. Table 3. An example one dimensional 4 bit classi er consisting of arbitrary ranges. The priority of R i is assumed to be i. Rule Range Maximal Pre xes R5 [3,11] 0011, 01 , 10 R4 [2,7] 001 , 01 R3 [4,11] 01 , 10 R2 [4,7] 01 R1 [1,15] 0001, 001 , 01 , 10 , 110 , 1110 R5,R3,R1 8 4 12 2 6 10 14 z v R4, R2 Fig. 1. Showing the range allocations to the trie nodes for rules in Table 3. The number inside a trie node v represents Pt(v) associated with it. In this particular example, all ranges are allocated to the root ....

Cisco Systems white paper, \Advanced qos services for the intelligent internet," http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/cisco/mkt/ios/qos/tech/qos wp.htm.

....simply a matter of deciding who gets into the queue in the first place no packet reordering or queue management takes place. When packets are placed into the outbound queue, they are transmitted in the order in which they are queued. 14 Cisco has implemented a weighted RED mechanism, WRED [11]. The idea with this extension to the mechanism is to differentiate between TCP flows. WRED drops packets in a weighted scheduling order, where packets of low priority flows are more likely to be dropped than packets of higher priority flows. The ability to set a certain priority to a flow is ....

Cisco Systems. Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet. Available at: <http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/net_enabled/qos_wp.htm>, January 1999.

.... sharing scheduler (for instance we guarantee that unicast traffic receives at least 5 of the link bandwidth) Moreover in [22] the authors show that it is possible to integrate efficiently a mechanism like HWFQ ( 19] in a gigabit router, and WFQ is already available in many of the recent routers [23]. VI CONCLUSION If we want to introduce multicast in the Internet we need to give an incentive to use it. We propose a simple mechanism that takes into account the number of receivers downstream. Our proposal does not starve unicast flows and greatly increases multicast receiver satisfaction. ....

Cisco, "Advanced qos services for the intelligent internet, " White Paper, May 1997.

....Although non exhaustive, this review gathers the main trends in the area. In sections 3.1 through 3.6, we describe these main trends which are headed by: the Service Allocation Profile Scheme (SAPS) 10] section 3. 1) the QoS Services of the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Software [7] (section 3.2) the Two bit Differentiated Services Architecture (TDSA) 20] section 3.3) the Scalable resource Reservation Protocol (SRP) 1,2] section 3.4) the Simple Differential Services Model (SDSM) 12] section 3.5) the Provider Architecture for Differentiated Services and ....

....RSVP on explicit routes previously set up by the network manager, and reduces the state to be stored in the backbone routers . the setting of the RIO parameters . charging. 3. 2 The Cisco IOS TM Software QoS Services In 1997, Cisco introduced advanced QoS services into its IOS Software suite [7]. This was a result of the consideration of new critical network requirements essentially due to the massive increases in demand for Internet bandwidth, performance and flexibility. We present these requirements below. Then, we report on their fulfillment by the Cisco IOS Software both in the ....

Cisco Systems, Inc., Advanced QoS Services for the Intelligent Internet, White Paper, 1997.

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