FALOUTSOS, P., VAN DE PANNE, M., AND TERZOPOULOS, D. 1997. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 3, 3 (July - September), 201--214.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....can be transformed to an open structure, or vice versa. 4 Free Form Incremental B Spline Local Registration An elegant way to overcome in some extend such limitation refers to the use of warping techniques and free form deformations that are quite popular in graphics, animation and rendering [4]. The essence of traditional FFD is to deform an object by manipulating a regular control lattice P overlaid on the volumetric embedding space. Thin plate splines [6, 19] is a popular non rigid transformation technique that requires finding two sets of corresponding landmark points, a difficult ....

P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3:201--214, 1997.

.... environments [26, 27, 28] O Brien and his colleagues developed similar techniques that used numerically computed modes from a finite element description of an object [17] Examples of deformation techniques using global shape functions include: free form deformations and their dynamics extensions [7, 21], deformable superquadrics [14] and the boundary element method [9] Modal bases have also proven to be an efficient way to compactly encode both shapes and deformations [11, 12] Finally, this paper focuses primarily on integrating manipulation and contact constraints into a modal framework, and ....

Petros Faloutsos, Michiel van de Panne, and Demetri Terzopoulos. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201--214, July 1997.

....deformations by Sederberg et al. 28] allowed objects to be deformed independent of their structure by embedding them in easily parameterized domains. Two important extensions were the use of unstructured lattices by MacCracken and Joy [18] and the introduction of dynamics by Faloutsos et al. [10]. Our framework builds on both of these extensions, using volumetric Catmull Clark lattices as in [18] and embedding objects in dynamic free form lattices as in [10] But unlike [10] where a diagonal stiffness matrix is employed, we simulate the dynamics of the embedded object. The use of ....

.... extensions were the use of unstructured lattices by MacCracken and Joy [18] and the introduction of dynamics by Faloutsos et al. 10] Our framework builds on both of these extensions, using volumetric Catmull Clark lattices as in [18] and embedding objects in dynamic free form lattices as in [10]. But unlike [10] where a diagonal stiffness matrix is employed, we simulate the dynamics of the embedded object. The use of physically based deformable models in graphics was pioneered by Terzopoulos et al. 32] The original work applied the Lagrangian equations of motion using a finite ....

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Petros Faloutsos, Michiel van de Panne, and Demetri Terzopoulos. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201--214, July--September 1997.

....domains. MacCracken and Joy developed three dimensional lattice subdivision, an extension of Catmull Clark subdivision surfaces, for the purpose of easing the topological restrictions of FFD. Another important extension to FFD was the introduction of dynamics by Faloutsos et al. [15]. Our framework builds on both of these extensions, using a flexible class of control lattices as in [24] and embedding objects in dynamic free form lattices as in [15] But unlike [15] where a diagonal stiffness matrix is employed, we use the finite element method to simulate the dynamics of ....

....the topological restrictions of FFD. Another important extension to FFD was the introduction of dynamics by Faloutsos et al. 15] Our framework builds on both of these extensions, using a flexible class of control lattices as in [24] and embedding objects in dynamic free form lattices as in [15]. But unlike [15] where a diagonal stiffness matrix is employed, we use the finite element method to simulate the dynamics of the embedded object. The use of physically based deformable models in graphics was pioneered by Terzopoulos et al. 42] The original work applied the Lagrangian ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Petros Faloutsos, Michiel van de Panne, and Demetri Terzopoulos. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201--214, July--September 1997.

....the same, only the final output object configuration is re targeted. This approach allows our deformation and subdivision method to utilize a rich library of physical controllers. Another method of integrating physical controllers into FFD systems was proposed in Dynamic Free Form Deformations [31]. This method defines a parametric space of different lattice configurations representing basic operations performed on the object such as bending and sheafing. Lagrangian dynamics is used to simulate both locomotion and internal strain energy. Deformation is calculated as a linear combination of ....

P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 201-214, July-September 1997

....can simply be specified by moving few control points of the parametric surface. On the other hand, the specification of local deformations and the computation of a physical behaviour is not easy in the case of analytical representations [10] For example, the Free Form Deformation (FFD) approach [19, 24], is based on the idea of deforming the object by deforming the surrounding space. The latter is divided into regular cells, and any modification of the geometry of the surrounding lattice causes a direct feedback on the object shape. This method suffers of the drawback cited above (how to ....

....object shape. This method suffers of the drawback cited above (how to introduce local deformation) and an extended model has been proposed to partially overcome this deficiency [7] Even if physically dependent constraints on the motion of grid points have been introduced for the aim of animation [24], this approach is not commonly used for the simulation of deformable objects characterized by very complex topologies (and or dynamic topology) and can hardly reproduce the shape behaviour of an object acquired from the real world (for example the behaviour of a complex human organ) The ....

P.Faloutsos M vande Panne D.Terzopoulos, Dynamic freeform deformations for animation synthesis, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 3 (1987).

....can simply be specified by moving few control points of the parametric surface. On the other hand, the specification of local deformations and the computation of a physical behaviour is not easy in the case of analytical representations [10] For example, the Free Form Deformation (FFD) approach [19, 24], is based on the idea of deforming the object by deforming the surrounding space. The latter is divided into regular cells, and any modification of the geometry of the surrounding lattice causes a direct feedback on the object shape. This method suffers of the drawback cited above (how to ....

....object shape. This method suffers of the drawback cited above (how to introduce local deformation) and an extended model has been proposed to partially overcome this deficiency [7] Even if physically dependent constraints on the motion of grid points have been introduced for the aim of animation [24], this approach is not commonly used for the simulation of deformable objects characterized by very complex topologies (and or dynamic topology) and can hardly reproduce the shape behaviour of an object acquired from the real world (for example the behaviour of a complex human organ) The ....

P.Faloutsos M vande Panne D.Terzopoulos, Dynamic freeform deformations for animation synthesis, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 3 (1987).

....FEM, each element is a partition in the internal space of the solid model. In FFD, the deformation function consists of piecewise polynomial functions defined in similar partitions. We can use each partition of FFD as an element. Such a combination of FEM and FFD is used in [RSB95, RSB96] and [FVT97] to simulate static and dynamic behaviors respectively. Each FFD lattice can be seen as an element with trivariate Bernstein polynomials for shape functions. An embedded object is approximated by an elastic unit cube or cubes aligned with the parameter space. Therefore, the physical behavior is ....

....the simplest law uses a quadratic function of the right Cauchy Green tensor C [LeTal94] Since F and C are a linear and quadratic functions of X respectively, E is at least a quartic function of X. Although quadratic energy functions of X have been used in many direct manipulation FFD methods[FVT97, HHK92, RSB95, RSB96] and analysis of small deformation [OP92] they are unsuitable for large deformations because quadratic functions are either allowing spurious zero energy mode or they are not frame indifferent. We have chosen the energy function of a spring network that connects 18 (6 ....

P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne and D. Terzopolous, Dynamic FreeForm Deformations for Animation Synthesis. IEEE Trans. on Vis. and Computer Graphics, 3(3), pp. 201-214, 1997.

....as two bodies move into one another, the spring attempts to push them apart. The more penetration, the stronger the restoring force. If the bodies move apart, the spring is destroyed. Penalty methods are used for rigid body simulation [20, 23, 28] but are most useful in deformable body simulation [10]. Penalty methods can produce stiff equations of motion due to the large spring constants needed to keep penetrations small. Choosing the spring constants is done in an ad hoc way, and must be tailored to specific situations. Because of these drawbacks, their use use in general settings is ....

P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201-- 214, July 1997.

....individual, specialist controllers that we have implemented for the prototype virtual stuntman and we describe in detail their analytical, composable APIs. Most of the controllers for our models are based on pose control, which has often been used both for articulated objects [27] and soft objects [9]. Pose control is based on cyclic or acyclic finite state machines with time transitions between the states. Each state of the controller can be static or can depend on feedback parameters. For some of our controllers, we use continuous control, in the sense that the control parameters are tightly ....

Petros Faloutsos, Michiel van de Panne, and Demetri Terzopoulos. Dynamic freeform deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201--214, 1997.

....spring and damper forces for control and enforces the limits on the joints with exponential springs. 5.1. 2 Pose and continuous control Most of the controllers for our virtual stuntperson are based on pose control, which has often been used both for articulated objects [31] and soft objects [11]. Pose control is based on cyclic or acyclic finite state machines with time transitions between the states. Each state of the controller can be static or depend on feedback parameters. For some of our controllers, we use continuous control, in the sense that the control parameters are tightly ....

Petros Faloutsos, Michiel van de Panne, and Demetri Terzopoulos. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201--214, 1997.

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FALOUTSOS, P., VAN DE PANNE, M., AND TERZOPOULOS, D. 1997. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 3, 3 (July - September), 201--214.

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P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3:201--214, 1997.

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P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3:201--214, 1997.

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P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3:201-- 214, 1997.

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P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3:201-- 214, 1997.

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P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos, "Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis," IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 3, pp. 201--214, 1997.

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Petros Faloutsos, Michiel van de Panne, and Demetri Terzopoulos. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201--214, July - September 1997. ISSN 1077-2626.

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P. Faloutsos, M. Van De Panne, and D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visulaization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201--214, 1997. 7

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P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3(3):201--214, /1997.

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FALOUTSOS P., VAN DE PANNE M., TER- ZOPOULOS D.: Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 3, 3 (1997), 201--214. 3

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