| J. Grant, Classifications for inconsistent theories. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, v. 19, 1978, 435-444. |
....large knowledge system evolving by acquiring new information during a reasonably long period of time almost inevitably becomes inconsistent. The real possibility that a Knowledge System contains contradictory data has stimulated an extensive search for methods of reasoning in inconsistent systems [7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 32]. The classical logic, unfortunately, can be of little use for reasoning with inconsistency. The problem is that for any formula F , a conjunction F :F is unsatisfiable in the classical logic, and so contradictory data make a system S trivially meaningless, since any formula OE becomes its ....
J. Grant, Classifications for inconsistent theories. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, v. 19, 1978, 435-444.
....of the premises. Consider for instance, Example 2. # = q # = p # p # = p, p According to our definition, the # level of # and the # level of # are distinct # # (# ) # but # # (#) 2. However, other less syntax sensitive means to classify inconsistent sets are available. In [11], Grant proposes three model theoretic means to classify inconsistent first order theories. To our knowledge, Grant is the first to o#er such systematic classifications of inconsistent theories. 3.2 Quantity of Empirical Information Some inconsistent data are less informative then others. For ....
J. Grant. Classifications for inconsistent theories. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 19 (3):435--444, 1978.
....open formulae in clausal form, possibly with Skolem functions and Skolem free variables. Let Sigma 8 be the universal closure of Sigma. Then Sigma 8 is unsatisfiable iff ( Sigma 8 ) 2. However, other less syntax sensitive means to classify inconsistent sets are available. In [15] and [16], Grant proposes three model theoretic means to classify inconsistent first order theories. To our knowledge, Grant is the first to offer such systematic classifications of inconsistent theories. Having said that, we now introduce the Jennings Schotch s inference relation called forcing based on ....
J. Grant. Classifications for inconsistent theories. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 19 (3):435--444, 1978.
....are situations in which contradictions can arise. We have explored some approaches relevant to particular commonsense problems (see below) However, we are not suggesting that any one approach will be suited to all situations, other perhaps than an at least 10 But see, e.g. da Costa, 1974] [Grant, 1978] , Priest and Routley, 1984] and [Lin, 1987] momentary suspension of firm belief in the contradictands when they are initially noticed. 11 14 Sample problems Several intuitive problems have motivated us in our work. Among these are the Brother Problem, the Three wise men Problem, the ....
J. Grant. Classifications for inconsistent theories. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 19(3), 1978.
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