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Gould, J. L. and Marler, P. (1987) Learning by Instinct. Scientific American (January), 74 -- 85.

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Evolution, Development and Learning - a Nested Hierarchy? - Dickins, Levy   (Correct)

....selected for. It is possible that this trait may eventually become genetically assimilated perhaps through the selection of faster and faster learners [16, 17] It is also possible that individuals will be selected for that learn the trait so fast that it appears instinctive to external observers [9]. This will still affect the available genotype. With the Baldwin Effect we see an effect of learning upon phenotype and then genotype. This is undeniably an effect from learning through to evolution. Potentially the alterations in genotype space will have generated other effects too as the NK ....

Gould, J. L. and Marler, P. (1987) Learning by Instinct. Scientific American (January), 74 -- 85.


Intelligence Without Representation - Brooks (1991)   (471 citations)  (Correct)

....without representation Rodney A. Brooks MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 545 Technology Square, Rm. 836, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Received September 1987 Brooks, R.A. Intelligence without representation, Artificial Intelligence 47 (1991) 139 159. This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the research is provided in part by an IBM Faculty 9 ....

....without representation Rodney A. Brooks MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 545 Technology Square, Rm. 836, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Received September 1987 Brooks, R.A. Intelligence without representation, Artificial Intelligence 47 (1991) 139 159. This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the research is provided in part by an IBM Faculty 9 Development Award, in part by a grant from the Systems Development Foundation, in part ....

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J.L. Gould and P. Marler, Learning by instinct, Sci. Am. (1986) 74-85.

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