T. Turletti and J. C. Bolot, "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networkst't', Packet Video Workshop, '1994.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....support custom data sources through user implemented protocols, video control interfaces, and support for taking snapshots using a camera. 4. RELATED WORK Trying to solve network heterogeneity through active media processing in media gateways is a common approach, see for example [2] 10] and [16]. Another example is [7] where a multimedia gateway is used to access multicast video conferences from a web page. Several gateways for using phone to call into a ongoing video conference also exist. Minimal UI Mobile Unit Marratech Pro MIM Plugin Server MIME meeting session Figure 3: ....

T. Turletti and J. Bolot. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Packet Video, 1994.

....is through hierarchical encoding of real time signals. In this approach, a signal is encoded into a number of layers that can be incrementally combined to provide progressive refinement. This layered transmission scheme can be used for both audio and video transmissions over the internet [7] [29], and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well [15] In the case of the internet, each layer can be transmitted as a separate multicast group and receivers can adapt to congestion by joining and leaving these groups (see [18] and [20] for internet protocols for adding and dropping layers) ....

T. Turletti, J. C. Bolot, "Issues with Multicast Video Distribution in Heterogeneous Packet Networks", Packet Video Workshop, 1994. APPENDIX I: SUBGRADIENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Definition 1: [24] (Subgradient and Subdifferential) Consider a convex and continuous function f defined on a convex

....A similar attempt is made at time 80 (to go up to Figure 6(c) V. RELATED WORK Although distributed multi media research has been popular for decades, the idea of multi media processing in the network was first inspired by the problems of digital video broadcasting in heterogeneous networks [24], 25] The goal of providing adaptive QoS for streaming data is shared by a number of systems, including Active Networks applications [26] 6] 4] QoS middleware substrates [21] 27] 28] and applicationlayer in network processors [29] 7] 30] Other projects have targeted the ....

T. Turletti and J. Bolot, "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks," in Proceedings of the Packet Video Workshop, Sept. 1994, pp. F3.1--3.4.

....are able to improve throughput. In cases when a single gateway becomes bottleneck, helper gateways can help reduce jitters and end to end delays, thus improving the quality of the video streams received by the user. 6. RELATED WORK Media processing in the network has been proposed and studied in [1, 18, 19]. These previous proposals concentrate on running media processing in a single location in the network. Distributing video processing across multiple nodes in the network has been studied in [11, 10] They employed multiple hosts in a network of workstation environment to exploit temporal ....

T. Turletti and J. Bolot. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. In Proceedings of The 6th International Workshop on Packet Video, pages F3.1--3.4, Portland, Oregon, September 1994.

....typically perform distillation on web objects, by re authoring the HTML contents and reducing image resolutions, to reduce transmission time and allow display of web contents on a small screen. The idea of running video processing within the network was first described by Turletti and Bolot in [78] and by Pasquale et al. in [57] Turletti and Bolot suggest video gateways as a solution for solving the network heterogeneity problem. Pasquale et al. propose a filter propagation mechanism in multicast dissemination trees. A filter is a transformer of one or more input streams into an output ....

T. Turletti and J. Bolot. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. In Proceedings of The 6th International Workshop on Packet Video, pages F3.1--3.4, Portland, Oregon, September 1994.

....deglet. This set can depend on the client that submitted the deglet. In this case, the client would have to sign the deglet, and include its digital certificate (e.g. X.509 [4] 7. RELATED WORK The idea of running media processing within the network was first described by Turletti and Bolot in [16] and by Pasquale et al. in [13] Turletti and Bolot suggested video gateways as a solution for solving the network heterogeneity problem. Pasquale et al. proposed a filter propagation mechanism in multicast dissemination trees. By propagating filters up and down the multicast trees network ....

T. Turletti and J. Bolot. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. In Packet Video Workshop, pages F3.1--3.4, Portland, Oregon, September 1994.

....that transmit pre recorded media clips to the client browser using HTTP streaming or some other streaming protocol. 2. 3 Packet Video Gateways The concept of active media processing within multicast networks as a solution to the network heterogeneity problem was pioneered by Turletti and Bolot in [16] and by Pasquale et al. in [17] Amir et al. elaborate on these ideas in [2] with the presentation of an application level video gateway that performs transcoding between JPEG and H.261 RTP streams. A classification of active networking applications is given in [18] wherein a distinction is made ....

T. Turletti, J. Bolot, "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks," Proceedings of Packet Video Workshop, Portland Oregon, September 1994.

....refinement. Every layer is transmitted as a separate multicast group and receivers adapt to congestion by joining and leaving these groups. Refer to [11] and [12] for internet protocols for adding and dropping layers. This layered transmission scheme have been used for both audio [4] and video[19] transmissions over the internet and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well [8] Note that in multirate multicast transmission, there is no concept of a unique multicast session rate, and one needs to consider receiver rates separately. Also note that in this case, the rate on a link needs ....

T. Turletti and J. C. Bolot, "Issues with Multicast Video Distribution in Heterogeneous Packet Networks", Packet Video Workshop, '94.

....reduced quality due to the resulting congestion. A uniform transmission rate fails to accommodate the bandwidth heterogeneity of this diverse set of receivers. An often cited approach for coping with receiver heterogeneity in real time multimedia transmissions is the use of layered media streams [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. In this model, rather than distribute a single level of quality using a single network channel, the source distributes multiple levels of quality simultaneously across multiple network channels. In turn, each receiver individually adapts its reception rate by adjusting the number of layers that ....

....: and each decoder module D is capable of decoding any cumulative set of bit strings. Each additional string produces an improvement in reconstruction quality. By combining this approach of layered source coding with a layered transmission system, we can solve the multicast heterogeneity problem [3, 5, 6, 8]. In this architecture, the multicast source produces a layered stream where each layer is transmitted on a different network channel, as illustrated in Figure 3 for the case of the UCB seminar. In turn, the network forwards only the number of layers that each physical link can support. For ....

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Thierry Turletti and Jean-Chrysostome Bolot, "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks," in Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Packet Video, Portland, OR, Sept. 1994.

....tools like CU SeeMe[5] nv[6] ivs[13] and vic[9] all suffer from this problem because they transmit video at a uniform rate to all receivers in the network. We and others have proposed to solve this problem through the combination of layered compression and hierarchical transmission [1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 11, 14]. Under this model, the video codecproducesa layered bit stream, where each layer is distributed over a distinct multicast channel. Consequently, each receiver can tailor its inbound rate by controlling the number of multicast channels it receives. CU SeeMe, nv, and vic all carry out temporal ....

TURLETTI, T., AND BOLOT, J.-C. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. In Proceedingsof the Sixth International Workshopon Packet Video (Portland, OR, Sept. 1994).

....requirements is to compromise. Using adaptation, however, the flow of information can be differentiated on the different branches of the multicast tree to provide each receiver with the acceptable throughput without penalizing the faster receiver because of slower participants on the network [157]. The structure of network conscious compressed images is well suited for a multicast environment. Since network conscious image compression does not impose any order or reliability requirements, it will perform efficiently over both reliable and unreliable networks. That is, a network conscious ....

T. Turletti and J-C. Bolot. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. In 6th International Workshop on Packet Video, pages F3.1--3.4, Portland, Oregon, September 1994.

.... 64 KB address space 4 GB address space Network Bandwidth 28.8 modem connection 100 Mb s Ethernet Network Latency 200 400 ms wireless [2] 1 ms ethernet Table 1: End client and Network Heterogeneity on layered media [50, 41, 10, 38] or proxy based transcoding embedded within the network [55, 5]. In the former approach, a source encodes its signal in a layered representation and stripes these layers across multiple multicast groups. In turn, receivers individually tune their reception rates by adjusting the number of groups they receive. As a result, heterogeneity is accommodated since ....

Turletti, T., and Bolot, J.-C. Issues with Multicast Video Distribution in Heterogeneous Packet Networks. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Packet Video (Portland, OR, Sept. 1994).

....However, how this bandwidth is used by the application and transport protocol is orthogonal to congestion control. While most existing research addresses the issue of detecting network congestion and reacting to it by lowering the transmission rate (or reception rate, as in layered multicast) [26, 30, 29, 9, 48, 8, 34, 42], the issue of how best to utilize available bandwidth has received far less attention. Even though this is generally application specific, we can use the consistency metric for a large class of applications that fit the data model described previously in Section 3.1. An application can experience ....

TURLETTI, T., AND BOLOT, J.-C. Issues with Multicast Video Distribution in Heterogeneous Packet Networks. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Packet Video (Portland, OR, Sept. 1994).

.... must adapt to the available network bandwidth to respect the temporal constraints, and provide performance guarantees regarding loss rate or maximum delay [3, 13] Bandwidth control mechanisms can adjust to network congestion by adapting the size of the packets to the load of the network [1, 18]. Figure 1 illustrates the general structure of the sending part of the adaptive audioconference application freephone [2] Before transmitting sound samples to the subscribers of the audio conference, specific treatments reduce the amount of information sent over the network. First, the sound is ....

T. Turletti and J-C. Bolot. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. In 6th International Workshop on PACKET VIDEO, Portland, Oregon, Sept 1994.

....information. SSTP merely decides how this available bandwidth is to be used by the application and transport protocol. While most existing research addresses the issue of detecting network congestion and reacting to it by lowering the transmission rate (or reception rate, as in layered multicast) [62, 66, 65, 15, 136, 14, 80, 117], the issue of how best to utilize available bandwidth in reliable transport has received far less attention. Even though this decision is generally application specific, we can use the consistency metric for a large class of applications that fit the data model described previously in Section ....

Thierry Turletti and Jean-Chrysostome Bolot. Issues with Multicast Video Distribution in Heterogeneous Packet Networks. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Packet Video, Portland, OR, September 1994.

....small beyond a certain value of K. This reiterates the fact that only a small number of channels are sufficient for good performance, no matter what the number of receivers is. 7 Related Work Transmission rate control for multicast communication has come to be recognized as an important issue ([1, 3]) Proposals for high speed local area networks include the use of packet level admission control and buffer reservation in the network( 5] and the use of a tree like hierarchy of multicast groups to control the sender rate ( 6] Real time applications like video have received particular ....

....of the majority of receivers, according to the bottleneck receiver, etc. However. similar approaches for non real time loss sensitive approaches are largely unexplored. Multilevel coding has been proposed as a possible approach for accommodating heterogeneity among receivers of encoded video ([4, 3, 10, 11, 9]) 4] discusses the problem of static bottlenecks for heterogeneous receiver groups. However, it differs from our work in two important aspects. First, the target applications are audio video, hence the approach towards the solution is different. Secondly, only a single multicast tree is used to ....

T, Turletti, J.C. Bolot. Issues with Multicast Video Distribution in Heterogeneous Packet Networks. In Proceedings of 6th International Workshop on PACKET VIDEO, Portland, Oregon, 26-27 Sept. 1994, pp. F3.1-3.4.

....that is sufficient for the highest bandwidth re ceiver. The bandwidth of the signal is reduced as it passes through the network. Maxemchuk [15] discusses mechanisms for doing that, either by using a progressive coder [11] 14] or by converting between format encoders such as video gateways [5] [18]. This is also similar to receiver initiated reservations and packet filtering used in the RSVP protocol [20] Further work in this direction was done by Amir, McCanne and Katz [4] in the development of the SCUBA protocol, and by Amir, McCanne and Zhang [5] through the Active Service framework. ....

T. Turletti and J.-C. Bolot. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. Proceedings of the 6th International workshop on packet video, 1994.

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T. Turletti and J. C. Bolot, "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networkst't', Packet Video Workshop, '1994.

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T. Turletti and J. C. Bolot, \Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks, Packet Video Workshop, '1994.

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T. Turletti and J. C. Bolot, "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networkst't', Packet Video Workshop, '1994.

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T. Turletti and J. C. Bolot, "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networkst't', Packet Video Workshop, '1994.

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T. Turletti and J.-C. Bolot, "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks," in Proc. 6th Int. Workshop Packet Video, Portland, OR, Sept. 1994.

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T. Turletti and J.-C. Bolot "Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks," Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Packet Video Portland, OR, Sept. 1994.

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T. Turletti and J.C. Bolot. Issues with multicast video distribution in heterogeneous packet networks. Packet Video Workshop, 1994.

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T. Turletti, J. C. Bolot, "Issues with Multicast Video Distribution in Heterogeneous Packet Networks", Packet Video Workshop, 1994.

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