V. Lesser and D. Corkill, "Functionally-accurate cooperative distributed systems," IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 295--310, 1981.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....latter class. The model takes advantage of a logical formalism used to represent the reasonings of the agents. Additional communication is required when the observers need more information about actors. e) Functionally Accurate Cooperation In this model, developed by Lesser, Corkill and Erman [29], agents cooperate exchanging partial and tentative results to converge on unique and consistent problem solution. An evolution of Functionally Accurate Cooperation is the Open System approach elaborated by Hewitt [25] f) Organizational Structuring The approach achieves cooperation among agents ....

V. R. Lesser, D. D. Corkill, "Functionally accurate, cooperative distributed systems", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. SMC-11, January 1981, p. 81-96

....of the system s ongoing operation, and allows testing and debugging operations to be performed. This system design is typical of the class of distributed problem solving (DPS) applications multiple agents cooperate by dividing and sharing knowledge about a common problem and about its solution [9]. DPS systems are generally recognized as having three phases, as follows: 1) task decomposition and assignment; 2) solution of the individual subtasks; 3) synthesis of results. However, the relative importance of each phase varies among applications. In SurfaceMapper s case, decomposition and ....

....is in itself an important message to the user, and it allows a number of follow up scenarios to be investigated. We refer to SurfaceMapper s intra agency distributed problem solving paradigm as functionally independent cooperative (FI C) after Lesser s functionally accurate cooperative (FA C) [9] paradigm (refer to Section VII for a more detailed discussion and comparison of the two approaches) Functionally independent describes the situation in which agents build independent, nonconvergent solutions though the exchange of partial solutions that may be inaccurate or inconsistent, and ....

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V. R. Lesser and D. D. Corkill, "Functionally accurate, cooperative distributed systems," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-11, pp. 81--96, Jan. 1981.

....a view of the system s ongoing operation, and allows testing and debugging operations to be performed. This system design is typical of the class of distributed problem solving (DPS) applications. Multiple agents cooperate by dividing and sharing knowledge about a common problem and its solution [6]. DPS systems have three phases: i) task decomposition and assignment, ii) solution of the individual sub tasks, and (iii) synthesis of results. In SurfaceMapper, decomposition and assignment are carried out at design time (as indicated by figure 6) and the solution and synthesis phases ....

....interpretations is also an important message to the user as it allows a number of follow up scenarios to be investigated. We refer to the intra agency distributed problem solving paradigm as Functionally Independent Co operative (FI C) after Lesser s Functionally Accurate Co operative (FA C) [6] paradigm (refer to section 6 for a more detailed discussion and comparison of the two approaches) Functionally independent describes the situation where agents build FIGURE 5. Interpreted Surfaces in the 3D volume Z=912 independent, non convergent solutions though the exchange of partial ....

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Lesser, V. R. and Corkill, D. D., (1981) "Functionally Accurate, Co-operative Distributed Systems" IEEE Trans on Systems Man and Cybernetics 11 (1) 81-96.

....devices. The area of distributed problem solving systems shares many issues with that of robot communications. Smith [5] developed protocols for communication between the members of a contract net. However, these protocols apply only to the contract net organization. Lesser and Corkhill [6] discussed a system consisting of distributed problem solvers which can exchange incomplete and possibly incorrect information while still converging on a common solution. However, this system uses centrally controlled shared memory for information exchange, thus avoiding many of the complications ....

V. R. Lesser & D. D. Corkhill, "Functionally - Accurate Cooperative Distributed Systems", Proc. of the International Conf. on Cybernetics & Society, Denver, CO, 8-10 October 1979, pp 346-353.

....Goals Structure (IGS) for this purpose. The following sections describe key characteristics of the IGS. 7.4.1. Planning With Structured Goals. Many DAI researchers have characterized planning in multi agent systems as a form of distributed goal search through classical AND OR goal tree structures [28, 32]. Problem reduction style planning, supported by this type of goal structure, is well suited to multi agent problems requiring coordination. Current Sensible Agent implementations adopt this planning paradigm. The goal trees from which Sensible Agents plan contain templates. Goal template ....

V. R. Lesser and D. D. Corkill, "Functionally-Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11(1), pp. 81-96, 1981.

.... and data are logically and sometimes geographically distributed; loosely coupled means each node performs more computation than communication (Davis and Smith 1983) A node is completely autonomous when it has in its local database all the information necessary to complete its processing correctly (Lesser and Corkill 1981). Nodes can be assigned (partitioned) into sub networks (groups) dynamically, according to the characteristics of the problem (task) at hand. The nodes in the group so formed are called relevant to the problem to be solved. The two major factors that affect group formation are the characteristics ....

Lesser, V. R., and Corkill, D. D. (1981). "Functionally accurate, cooperative distributed systems." IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-11, 81-96.

....systems require messagebased communications for interaction. This raises several problems for implementation platforms. Implementations which require consistency and completeness of data and knowledge across problem solvers the so called Completely Accurate, Nearly Autonomous (CA NA) approach [Lesser 81] must cope with message delays and asynchrony, and therefore must incorporate mechanisms, such as synchronization locks, transaction managers, etc. Even shared memory platforms such as blackboard systems with concurrent processing of knowledge sources require database consistency mechanisms under ....

Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill. "Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-11(1):81--96, January 1981.

....we are interested in limiting the information that must be communicated among the agents. The ability to efficiently integrate (possibly interdependent) local agent solutions so as to end up with an appropriate global solution is a key issue for DSA. One strategy that some previous DSA systems [1, 6, 7] have used to achieve efficient operation is what we term the consistent local solutions strategy [4, 5] agents transmit their local solutions, check the consistency of these solutions, and merge them when they are consistent. Because interpretation hypotheses are abstractions of the raw sensor ....

Victor Lesser and Daniel Corkill, "Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems, " IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11, no. 1, 81--96, 1981.

....the agents 2 . In the previously described reductionist work, the individual community balance was obtained through 2. Inter agent interdependencies are inevitable in such applications because complex problems cannot be decomposed into self contained units operating solely on local resources (Lesser and Corkill, 1981). In applications in which there is relatively little interdependence between the agents e.g. information agents which scour the world wide web to find relevant data (Coen, 1994) softbots which provide an Internet power tool (Etzioni and Weld, 1994) and personal digital assistants which filter ....

Lesser, V. R., and Corkill, D. D., (1981) "Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems" IEEE Trans. on Systems Man and Cybernetics 21 1347-1363.

.... arise when it is not possible to decompose the problem into a set of subproblems such that there is a perfect fit between the computational requirements for effectively solving each subproblem and the location of information, expertise, processing, and communication resources in the agent network [33], 34] This lack of a perfect fit often leads to a situation where there may be insufficient local information or resources for an agent to completely or accurately solve its assigned subproblems through its own processing. Further, resource contention issues in multiagent systems do not entail ....

....acquiring the information necessary to make these optimal decisions. Instead, satisficing criteria for successful performance are adopted based on using a reasonable amount of resources to reduce uncertainty sufficiently so that it is likely that an acceptable answer will be achieved [33]. This emphasis on satisficing behavior also subtly moves the focus from the performance of individual agents to the properties and character of the aggregate behavior of agents. An associated corollary is, given the rich set of criteria that can be used to define satisficing behavior and the ....

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# V. Lesser and D.D. Corkill, "Functionally-Accurate Cooperative Distributed Systems," IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, special issue on distributed problem-solving, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 81-- 96, Jan. 1981.

.... arise when it is not possible to decompose the problem into a set of subproblems such that there is a perfect fit between the computational requirements for effectively solving each subproblem and the location of information, expertise, processing, and communication resources in the agent network [33, 34]. This lack of a perfect fit often leads to a situation where there may be insufficient local information or resources for an agent to completely or accurately solve its assigned subproblems through its own processing. Further, resource contention issues in multiagent systems do not entail simply ....

....acquiring the information necessary to make these optimal decisions. Instead, satisficing criteria for successful performance are adopted based on using a reasonable amount of resources to reduce uncertainty sufficiently so that it is likely that an acceptable answer will be achieved [33]. This emphasis on satisficing behavior also subtly moves the focus from the performance of individual agents to the properties and character of the aggregate behavior of agents. An associated corollary is, given the rich set of criteria that can be used to define satisficing behavior and the ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

V. Lesser and D. D. Corkill, "Functionally-Accurate Cooperative Distributed Systems," IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Special Issue on Distributed Problem-Solving, Vol. SMC--11, No.1, Jan. 1981, pp. 81--96.

....Research Initiative program (N00014 86 K 0764) 2 1. Introduction The Functionally Accurate Cooperative (FA C) model for distributed problem solving was presented in a paper that appeared in the 1981 special issue of the IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics on Distributed AI [1]. The purpose of this retrospective is two fold: first, to elaborate more fully this model based on insights acquired over the last ten years, and second, to provide a coherent perspective on its development and extension since its original description [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] A major focus will be on ....

Lesser, V.R. and Corkill, D.D. "Functionally-Accurate Cooperative Distributed Systems," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics --- Special Issue on Distributed Problem solving, Vol. SMC--11, No.1, January 1981, pp. 81--96.

No context found.

Victor Lesser and Daniel Corkill, "Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11, no. 1, 81--96, 1981.

....The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. 1 Introduction In the functionally accurate, cooperative (FA C) systems paradigm for cooperative distributed problem solving (CDPS) [6, 8], agents produce tentative, partial results based on incomplete local information. These partial results are then exchanged among the agents, which exploit the constraints that exist among the results to resolve local uncertainties and global inconsistencies. While several systems that use the ....

Victor Lesser and Daniel Corkill, "Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11, no. 1, 81--96, 1981.

....under contract N00014 95 1 1198. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. 1 Introduction In the functionally accurate, cooperative (FA C) paradigm for distributed problem solving [10, 12], agents need not have all the information necessary to completely and accurately solve their own subproblems. Instead, agents are designed to produce tentative, partial solutions based on only local information and to then exchange these results with the other agents. The basic intuition behind ....

....being interrelated and about the strength of this relationship, we mean evidential relationships: the presence absence characteristics interpretations of a piece of data can affect the belief in the possible interpretations of the other piece of data. they called results ) In particular, [10] refers to consistency checking of the tentative local solutions with results received from other nodes as an important part of the FA C approach. The basic procedure was that where there were subproblem interactions, agents would transmit local solutions and check the consistency of the ....

Victor Lesser and Daniel Corkill, "Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems, " IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11, no. 1, 81--96, 1981.

....on subproblems that are interdependent, to reduce the uncertainty that surrounds local problem solving. That is, agents can exploit the interdependencies between subproblems to their benefit. This is the essence of the functionally accurate, cooperative (FA C) paradigm presented by Lesser et al. [23, 25] as an approach to distributed problem solving. In FA C systems, the interdependencies among subproblems motivate agents to augment their local information with information about global problem solving activity in order to enhance the efficiency of the ongoing problem solving process. Once ....

....conceptual model for the myriad of methods being proposed for IIR, but also from the fact that the view provides a direct map from the wealth of existing methods in MAS to the IG domain. These methods have evolved over more than a decade, since the time the FA C paradigm was first proposed[23]. Below, we discuss various techniques and systems from MAS that may have direct bearing on CIG viewed as a DPS task. These methods were originally proposed in contexts different from information gathering, and most of them were developed as techniques to study, understand and exploit various ....

V.R. Lesser and D. Corkill., "Functionally accurate, cooperative distributed systems", in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 11(1), 1981, pp. 81-96.

....on subproblems that are interdependent, to reduce the uncertainty that surrounds local problem solving. That is, agents can exploit the interdependencies between subproblems to their benefit. This is the essence of the functionally accurate, cooperative (FA C) paradigm presented by Lesser et al. [18, 19] as an approach to distributed problem solving. In FA C systems, the interdependencies among subproblems motivate agents to augment their local information with information about global problem solving activity in order to enhance the efficiency of the ongoing problem solving process. Once ....

....conceptual model for the myriad of methods being proposed for IIR, but also from the fact that the view provides a direct map from the wealth of existing methods in MAS to the IG domain. These methods have evolved over more than a decade, since the time the FA C paradigm was first proposed[18]. Below, we discuss various techniques and systems from MAS that may have direct bearing on CIG viewed as a DPS task. These methods were originally proposed in contexts different from information gathering, and most of them were developed as techniques to study, understand and exploit various ....

V.R. Lesser and D. Corkill., "Functionally accurate, cooperative distributed systems", in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 11(1), 1981, pp. 81-96.

....agent, and determine precisely what information is needed to resolve global inconsistencies. Modeling issues are important because DSA agents typically must share information in order to satisfy their local goals as well as the overall system goals since agent subproblems are interdependent [Lesser Corkill 1981]. DSA tasks can present several sources of difficulty for information sharing: agents local evidence may lead to solutions that are globally inconsistent; agent beliefs (interpretations of local data) are uncertain and imprecise; interpretations are complex structures; and beliefs are constantly ....

Victor Lesser and Daniel Corkill, "Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11, no. 1, 81--96, 1981.

No context found.

V. Lesser and D. Corkill, "Functionally-accurate cooperative distributed systems," IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 295--310, 1981.

No context found.

V. Lesser and D. Corkill, "Functionally-accurate cooperative distributed systems," IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 295--310, 1981.

No context found.

Lesser, V. R., and Corkill, D. D. (1981). "Functionally accurate, cooperative distributed systems." IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-11, 8196.

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